Hemolytic uremic syndrome presenting after treatment of endodermal sinus tumor

BACKGROUND:: Hemolytic uremic syndrome is a rare multisystem disorder that is caused by infections, preeclampsia, autoimmune disorders, or oral contraceptive agents, and rarely in association with different cancers and chemotherapeutic agents. CASE:: A 34-year-old woman who presented for evaluation of a pelvic mass received a diagnosis of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage 1c endodermal sinus tumor at laparotomy. Three months after receiving 3 courses of bleomycin, etoposide, and cisplatinum, she presented with renal failure, thrombocytopenia, anemia, and severe hypertension. Cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome was diagnosed, and the patient was treated with plasmaphoresis, blood transfusion, and hemodialysis. CONCLUSION:: Cancer-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome has a high mortality rate; thus, prompt diagnosis is critical to survival.