@article{11128476d9de431eb9271e3bd05ce151,
title = "Head and shoulder posture affect scapular mechanics and muscle activity in overhead tasks",
abstract = "Forward head and rounded shoulder posture (FHRSP) is theorized to contribute to alterations in scapular kinematics and muscle activity leading to the development of shoulder pain. However, reported differences in scapular kinematics and muscle activity in those with forward head and rounded shoulder posture are confounded by the presence of shoulder pain. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to compare scapular kinematics and muscle activity in individuals free from shoulder pain, with and without FHRSP. Eighty volunteers were classified as having FHRSP or ideal posture. Scapular kinematics were collected concurrently with muscle activity from the upper and lower trapezius as well as the serratus anterior muscles during a loaded flexion and overhead reaching task using an electromagnetic tracking system and surface electromyography. Separate mixed model analyses of variance were used to compare three-dimensional scapular kinematics and muscle activity during the ascending phases of both tasks. Individuals with FHRSP displayed significantly greater scapular internal rotation with less serratus anterior activity, during both tasks as well as greater scapular upward rotation, anterior tilting during the flexion task when compared with the ideal posture group. These results provide support for the clinical hypothesis that FHRSP impacts shoulder mechanics independent of shoulder pain.",
keywords = "Reaching, Shoulder, Three-dimensional kinematics",
author = "Thigpen, {Charles A.} and Padua, {Darin A.} and Michener, {Lori A.} and Kevin Guskiewicz and Carol Giuliani and Keener, {Jay D.} and Nicholas Stergiou",
note = "Funding Information: Lori A. Michener , PhD, PT, ATC, SCS is an Associate Professor in the Department of Physical Therapy at Virginia Commonwealth University – Medical College of Virginia Campus. She earned a B.S. in General Studies with a concentration in Athletic Training from Lock Haven University in PA as well as a B.S. in Physical Therapy from the State University of New York at Buffalo, a MEd from the University of Virginia, and earned her PhD in Orthopedics and Biomechanics from MCP Hahnemann University in Philadelphia, PA in 2001. Lori is the director of the COOR Laboratory (Clinical biomechanics, Orthopedics and sports medicine Outcomes Research) at VCU. Her research is focused on the study of diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic and sports injuries. Specifically, examining the ability to diagnosis rotator cuff disorders and labral pathology, treatment outcomes of conservative treatment for patients with rotator cuff disorders, and examining mechanisms underlying the shoulder pathologies using a variety of techniques to include ultrasonography, kinematics, and EMG. She currently is supported with 4 grants for her research. Funding Information: This study was funding in part by the University of North Carolina-Chapel Hill Graduate School{\textquoteright}s and Injury Prevention and Research Center{\textquoteright}s student grant programs. ",
year = "2010",
month = aug,
doi = "10.1016/j.jelekin.2009.12.003",
language = "English",
volume = "20",
pages = "701--709",
journal = "Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology",
issn = "1050-6411",
number = "4",
}