@article{eb92adbd960d4b68b97eaa8634559c13,
title = "GWAS of lifetime cannabis use reveals new risk loci, genetic overlap with psychiatric traits, and a causal influence of schizophrenia",
abstract = "Cannabis use is a heritable trait that has been associated with adverse mental health outcomes. In the largest genome-wide association study (GWAS) for lifetime cannabis use to date (N = 184,765), we identified eight genome-wide significant independent single nucleotide polymorphisms in six regions. All measured genetic variants combined explained 11% of the variance. Gene-based tests revealed 35 significant genes in 16 regions, and S-PrediXcan analyses showed that 21 genes had different expression levels for cannabis users versus nonusers. The strongest finding across the different analyses was CADM2, which has been associated with substance use and risk-taking. Significant genetic correlations were found with 14 of 25 tested substance use and mental health–related traits, including smoking, alcohol use, schizophrenia and risk-taking. Mendelian randomization analysis showed evidence for a causal positive influence of schizophrenia risk on cannabis use. Overall, our study provides new insights into the etiology of cannabis use and its relation with mental health.",
author = "{the 23andMe Research Team} and {The Substance Use Disorders Working Group of the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium} and {International Cannabis Consortium} and Pasman, {Jo{\"e}lle A.} and Verweij, {Karin J.H.} and Zachary Gerring and Sven Stringer and Sandra Sanchez-Roige and Treur, {Jorien L.} and Abdel Abdellaoui and Nivard, {Michel G.} and Baselmans, {Bart M.L.} and Ong, {Jue Sheng} and Ip, {Hill F.} and {van der Zee}, {Matthijs D.} and Meike Bartels and Day, {Felix R.} and Pierre Fontanillas and Elson, {Sarah L.} and {de Wit}, Harriet and Davis, {Lea K.} and James MacKillop and Derringer, {Jaime L.} and Branje, {Susan J.T.} and Hartman, {Catharina A.} and Heath, {Andrew C.} and {van Lier}, {Pol A.C.} and Madden, {Pamela A.F.} and Reedik M{\"a}gi and Wim Meeus and Montgomery, {Grant W.} and Oldehinkel, {A. J.} and Zdenka Pausova and Ramos-Quiroga, {Josep A.} and Tomas Paus and Marta Ribases and Jaakko Kaprio and Boks, {Marco P.M.} and Bell, {Jordana T.} and Spector, {Tim D.} and Joel Gelernter and Boomsma, {Dorret I.} and Martin, {Nicholas G.} and Stuart MacGregor and Perry, {John R.B.} and Palmer, {Abraham A.} and Danielle Posthuma and Munaf{\`o}, {Marcus R.} and Gillespie, {Nathan A.} and Derks, {Eske M.} and Vink, {Jacqueline M.}",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2018, The Author(s).",
year = "2018",
month = sep,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1038/s41593-018-0206-1",
language = "English",
volume = "21",
pages = "1161--1170",
journal = "Nature neuroscience",
issn = "1097-6256",
number = "9",
}