Genetic variants in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and salt sensitivity of blood pressure

Dongfeng Gu, Tanika N. Kelly, James E. Hixson, Jing Chen, Depei Liu, Ji Chun Chen, Dabeeru C. Rao, Jianjun Mu, Jixiang Ma, Cashell E. Jaquish, Treva K. Rice, Charles Gu, Lee Hamm, Paul K. Whelton, Jiang He

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49 Scopus citations

Abstract

Objective: To examine the association between renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) genes and salt sensitivity of blood pressure (BP). Methods: A 7-day low-sodium dietary intervention followed by a 7-day high-sodium dietary intervention was conducted among 1906 participants living in a rural region of north China where habitual sodium intake is high. BP measurements were obtained at baseline and following each intervention using a random-zero sphygmomanometer. Results: DBP and mean arterial pressure responses increased with the number of rs4524238 A alleles in the angiotensin II receptor type 1 gene. For example, mean DBP responses (95% confidence interval) among those with genotypes G/G, G/A, and A/A were-2.53 (-2.89 to-2.18),-3.49 (-4.13 to-2.86), and-5.78 (-9.51 to-2.06) mmHg, respectively, following the low-sodium intervention (P = 0.0008). Carriers of the rare A allele of rs5479 in the hydroxysteroid (11-beta) dehydrogenase 2 gene had decreased DBP responses to low sodium (P = 0.00004). Those with the C/A and C/C genotypes had DBP responses of-0.70 (-6.62 to 5.22) and-2.71 (-4.88 to-0.54) mmHg, respectively. X chromosome renin-binding protein gene markers rs1557501 and rs2269372 were associated with SBP response to low sodium in men (P = 0.00004 and 0.0001, respectively). SBP responses (95% confidence interval) were-6.13 (-6.68 to-5.58) versus-4.07 (-4.88 to-3.26) and-6.04 (-6.57 to-5.52) versus-3.94 (-4.90 to-2.99) mmHg among men with major versus those with minor alleles of rs1557501 and rs2269372, respectively. Haplotype analyses of these genes supported our single-marker findings. Conclusion: We identified renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system variants that were predictive of salt sensitivity in a Han population with habitually high-sodium intake.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)1210-1220
Number of pages11
JournalJournal of Hypertension
Volume28
Issue number6
DOIs
StatePublished - Jun 2010

Keywords

  • Blood pressure
  • Dietary sodium
  • Genetics
  • Polymorphism
  • Renin- angiotensin-aldosterone system
  • Salt sensitivity

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