TY - JOUR
T1 - From reactivation of latent HIV-1 to elimination of the latent reservoir
T2 - The presence of multiple barriers to viral eradication
AU - Shan, Liang
AU - Siliciano, Robert F.
PY - 2013/6
Y1 - 2013/6
N2 - The discovery of a stable latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1. The long-lived latently infected cells persist in spite of prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy and present a major barrier to a cure of HIV-1 infection. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of HIV-1 persistence and latent viral infection in the context of effective antiretroviral therapy and the recent progress in purging latent viral reservoirs. Recent studies demonstrate that reactivation of latent HIV-1 is a promising strategy for the depletion of these viral reservoirs. A thorough evaluation of the anti-latency activity of drug candidates should include the measurement of changes in intracellular viral RNA, plasma virus levels, and the size of latent viral reservoirs, as well as potential adverse effects. Currently, there are several technical barriers to the evaluation of anti-latency drugs in vivo. We also discuss these challenging issues that remain unresolved.
AB - The discovery of a stable latent reservoir for HIV-1 in resting memory CD4+ T cells provides a mechanism for lifelong persistence of HIV-1. The long-lived latently infected cells persist in spite of prolonged highly active antiretroviral therapy and present a major barrier to a cure of HIV-1 infection. In this review, we discuss the current understanding of HIV-1 persistence and latent viral infection in the context of effective antiretroviral therapy and the recent progress in purging latent viral reservoirs. Recent studies demonstrate that reactivation of latent HIV-1 is a promising strategy for the depletion of these viral reservoirs. A thorough evaluation of the anti-latency activity of drug candidates should include the measurement of changes in intracellular viral RNA, plasma virus levels, and the size of latent viral reservoirs, as well as potential adverse effects. Currently, there are several technical barriers to the evaluation of anti-latency drugs in vivo. We also discuss these challenging issues that remain unresolved.
KW - CD4 T cell
KW - Cytolytic T lymphocyte
KW - HIV-1
KW - Latent infection
KW - Residual viremia
KW - Viral CPE
KW - Virus reactivation
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84877907488&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/bies.201200170
DO - 10.1002/bies.201200170
M3 - Article
C2 - 23613347
AN - SCOPUS:84877907488
SN - 0265-9247
VL - 35
SP - 544
EP - 552
JO - BioEssays
JF - BioEssays
IS - 6
ER -