Frequency and clinical impact of preoperative circulating tumor cells in resectable non-metastatic lung adenocarcinomas

Objectives Despite successful surgery, 30–50% of patients with resectable non-small cell lung cancer develop tumor recurrence within 5 years of surgery. Materials and methods In this prospective study, we performed CTC enumerations in 40 patients with non-metastatic lung adenocarcinoma (NMLA) using a size-based microfilter. Additionally, cfDNA isolated from plasma was analyzed in 35 out of 40 patients. Results CTCs were identified in 15 out of 40 patients (37.5%) with a range of 1–44 cells, whereas mutated cfDNA was only detected in 3 out of 35 patients (8.6%). Disease-free survival (DFS) was significantly associated with CTC positivity (log-rank p = 0.025), grading (log-rank p = 0.019), tumor stage (log-rank p = 0.025) and lymph node status (log-rank p = 0.029). Multivariate analysis, including tumor stage and grading, showed that CTC positivity (p = 0.006), grading (0.039) and tumor stage (p = 0.022) were independently associated with DFS. Conclusion Our study found that microfilter-based CTC enumeration in NMLA patients is an independent predictor of worse DFS. The used NGS-based cfDNA characterization had limited sensitivity to be clinically informative in our study cohort. CTC assessment before surgery can thus identify NMLA patients at high risk of disease recurrence.