TY - JOUR
T1 - Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy reveals biochemical changes associated with glioma stem cell differentiation
AU - Kenig, Saša
AU - Bedolla, Diana E.
AU - Birarda, Giovanni
AU - Faoro, Valentina
AU - Mitri, Elisa
AU - Vindigni, Alessandro
AU - Storici, Paola
AU - Vaccari, Lisa
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Published by Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2015/12/1
Y1 - 2015/12/1
N2 - According to the cancer stem cell theory malignant glioma is incurable because of the presence of the cancer stem cells - a subpopulation of cells that are resistant to therapy and cause the recurrence of a tumor after surgical resection. Several protein markers of cancer stem cell were reported but none of those is fully reliable to grade the content of stem cells in a tumor. Hereby we propose Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy as an alternative, labelfree, non-damaging and fast method to identify glioma stem cells based on their own spectral characteristics. The analysis of FTIR data revealed that in NCH421k cells, a model of glioma stem cells, the relative content of lipids is higher than in their all-trans retinoic acid-differentiated counterparts. Moreover, it has been assessed that stem cells have more rigid cellular membranes and more phosphorylated proteins, whereas after differentiation glycogen level increases. The ability of FTIR to estimate the content of stem cells in a heterogeneous sample, on the base of the identified spectral markers, and to classify stem and non-stem cells into two separate populations was probed. Although it was not possible to calculate the exact percentage of each subpopulation, we could clearly see that with the increasing amount of differentiated cells in a sample, more hits occupy the PC space previously identified as a space of differentiated cells. The present study is therefore an initial step towards the development of a FTIR based protocol in clinical practice to estimate the content of stem cells in a tumor sample.
AB - According to the cancer stem cell theory malignant glioma is incurable because of the presence of the cancer stem cells - a subpopulation of cells that are resistant to therapy and cause the recurrence of a tumor after surgical resection. Several protein markers of cancer stem cell were reported but none of those is fully reliable to grade the content of stem cells in a tumor. Hereby we propose Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy as an alternative, labelfree, non-damaging and fast method to identify glioma stem cells based on their own spectral characteristics. The analysis of FTIR data revealed that in NCH421k cells, a model of glioma stem cells, the relative content of lipids is higher than in their all-trans retinoic acid-differentiated counterparts. Moreover, it has been assessed that stem cells have more rigid cellular membranes and more phosphorylated proteins, whereas after differentiation glycogen level increases. The ability of FTIR to estimate the content of stem cells in a heterogeneous sample, on the base of the identified spectral markers, and to classify stem and non-stem cells into two separate populations was probed. Although it was not possible to calculate the exact percentage of each subpopulation, we could clearly see that with the increasing amount of differentiated cells in a sample, more hits occupy the PC space previously identified as a space of differentiated cells. The present study is therefore an initial step towards the development of a FTIR based protocol in clinical practice to estimate the content of stem cells in a tumor sample.
KW - Cancer stem cells
KW - Differentiation
KW - Glioma
KW - Glycogen
KW - Infrared microspectroscopy
KW - Lipids
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84943328766&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.09.005
DO - 10.1016/j.bpc.2015.09.005
M3 - Article
C2 - 26426146
AN - SCOPUS:84943328766
SN - 0301-4622
VL - 207
SP - 90
EP - 96
JO - Biophysical Chemistry
JF - Biophysical Chemistry
ER -