TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy
AU - Dysli, Chantal
AU - Wolf, Sebastian
AU - Berezin, Mikhail Y.
AU - Sauer, Lydia
AU - Hammer, Martin
AU - Zinkernagel, Martin S.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by a grant of the Swiss National Science Foundation (#320030_156019, MZ) and the National Cancer Institute/National Institutes of Health (CA198419 (MB)). The sponsor or funding organization had no role in the design or conduct of this research.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2017 The Authors
PY - 2017/9
Y1 - 2017/9
N2 - Imaging techniques based on retinal autofluorescence have found broad applications in ophthalmology because they are extremely sensitive and noninvasive. Conventional fundus autofluorescence imaging measures fluorescence intensity of endogenous retinal fluorophores. It mainly derives its signal from lipofuscin at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Fundus autofluorescence, however, can not only be characterized by the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity or emission spectrum, but also by a characteristic fluorescence lifetime function. The fluorescence lifetime is the average amount of time a fluorophore remains in the excited state following excitation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging imaging modality for in vivo measurement of lifetimes of endogenous retinal fluorophores. Recent reports in this field have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of various macular and retinal diseases. Within this review, the basic concept of fluorescence lifetime imaging is provided. It includes technical background information and correlation with in vitro measurements of individual retinal metabolites. In a second part, clinical applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging and fluorescence lifetime features of selected retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration, choroideremia, central serous chorioretinopathy, macular holes, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal artery occlusion are discussed. Potential areas of use for fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy will be outlined at the end of this review.
AB - Imaging techniques based on retinal autofluorescence have found broad applications in ophthalmology because they are extremely sensitive and noninvasive. Conventional fundus autofluorescence imaging measures fluorescence intensity of endogenous retinal fluorophores. It mainly derives its signal from lipofuscin at the level of the retinal pigment epithelium. Fundus autofluorescence, however, can not only be characterized by the spatial distribution of the fluorescence intensity or emission spectrum, but also by a characteristic fluorescence lifetime function. The fluorescence lifetime is the average amount of time a fluorophore remains in the excited state following excitation. Fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy (FLIO) is an emerging imaging modality for in vivo measurement of lifetimes of endogenous retinal fluorophores. Recent reports in this field have contributed to our understanding of the pathophysiology of various macular and retinal diseases. Within this review, the basic concept of fluorescence lifetime imaging is provided. It includes technical background information and correlation with in vitro measurements of individual retinal metabolites. In a second part, clinical applications of fluorescence lifetime imaging and fluorescence lifetime features of selected retinal diseases such as Stargardt disease, age-related macular degeneration, choroideremia, central serous chorioretinopathy, macular holes, diabetic retinopathy, and retinal artery occlusion are discussed. Potential areas of use for fluorescence lifetime imaging ophthalmoscopy will be outlined at the end of this review.
KW - FLIO
KW - Fluorescence lifetimes
KW - Fluorophore
KW - Fundus autofluorescence
KW - Metabolism
KW - Retinal imaging
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85023593777&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.005
DO - 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2017.06.005
M3 - Review article
C2 - 28673870
AN - SCOPUS:85023593777
SN - 1350-9462
VL - 60
SP - 120
EP - 143
JO - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
JF - Progress in Retinal and Eye Research
ER -