Fetal Surgery

As prenatal diagnosis has become increasingly sophisticated and as technological advances have enhanced the range of diagnostic capabilities, invasive therapies have developed from our expanded understanding of the natural history and pathophysiology of structural anomalies. This article presents a comprehensive review of the treatment options currently available for the entire spectrum of fetal diagnoses that are potentially surgically correctable. The current indications, contraindications, and outcomes for shunting procedures, open fetal surgery, and fetoscopic surgeries are reviewed.