TY - JOUR
T1 - Fertility after Intrauterine Device Removal
T2 - A Pilot Study
AU - Stoddard, Amy M.
AU - Xu, Hanna
AU - Madden, Tessa
AU - Allsworth, Jenifer E.
AU - Peipert, Jeffrey F.
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported in part by: (1) the Society of Family Planning; (2) Award number K23HD070979 from the Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health & Human Development (NICHD); and (3) Clinical and Translational Science Award (UL1RR024992), from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. Its contents are solely the responsibility of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official views of the NCRR, NICHD, or NIH. Information on NCRR is available at http://www.ncrr.nih.gov. Information on Re-engineering the Clinical Research Enterprise can be obtained from http://nihroadmap.nih.gov/clinical research/overview-translational.asp
Funding Information:
Declaration of interest: Dr Peipert receives research funding from Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, Merck & Teva Pharmaceuticals, and serves on the advisory boards for Teva Pharmaceuticals, Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals, and MicroCHIPS. Dr Madden serves on an advisory board for Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals. Dr Allsworth receives research funding from Bayer Healthcare Pharmaceuticals.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 The European Society of Contraception and Reproductive Health.
PY - 2015/6/1
Y1 - 2015/6/1
N2 - Abstract Background Despite high efficacy, only 7.7% of women in the United States currently using contraception use an IUD. There is little published contemporary data about fertility rates after IUD use, especially in nulliparous women and women using the hormonal IUD. Study Design We recruited sexually active women 18 to 35 years of age enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project who had discontinued a contraceptive method and desired pregnancy. Results In this pilot project, we enrolled 69 former IUD users (19 copper and 50 levonorgestrel) and 42 former non-IUD users. Pregnancy rates at 12 months were similar between the two groups; 81% of IUD users became pregnant compared to 70% of non-IUD users (p = 0.18). In the Cox model, there was no difference in the time to pregnancy in IUD users compared to non-IUD users (HRadj 1.19, 95% CI 0.74-1.92). African American race was the only variable associated with reduced fertility (HRadj 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.67). Conclusions We found no difference in 12-month pregnancy rates or time to pregnancy between former IUD users and users of other contraceptive methods. However, there was a clinically and statistically significant reduction in fertility in African American women.
AB - Abstract Background Despite high efficacy, only 7.7% of women in the United States currently using contraception use an IUD. There is little published contemporary data about fertility rates after IUD use, especially in nulliparous women and women using the hormonal IUD. Study Design We recruited sexually active women 18 to 35 years of age enrolled in the Contraceptive CHOICE Project who had discontinued a contraceptive method and desired pregnancy. Results In this pilot project, we enrolled 69 former IUD users (19 copper and 50 levonorgestrel) and 42 former non-IUD users. Pregnancy rates at 12 months were similar between the two groups; 81% of IUD users became pregnant compared to 70% of non-IUD users (p = 0.18). In the Cox model, there was no difference in the time to pregnancy in IUD users compared to non-IUD users (HRadj 1.19, 95% CI 0.74-1.92). African American race was the only variable associated with reduced fertility (HRadj 0.40, 95% CI 0.24-0.67). Conclusions We found no difference in 12-month pregnancy rates or time to pregnancy between former IUD users and users of other contraceptive methods. However, there was a clinically and statistically significant reduction in fertility in African American women.
KW - Contraception
KW - Fertility
KW - Intrauterine device
KW - Race
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84930457268&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3109/13625187.2015.1010639
DO - 10.3109/13625187.2015.1010639
M3 - Article
C2 - 25751567
AN - SCOPUS:84930457268
SN - 1362-5187
VL - 20
SP - 223
EP - 230
JO - European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care
JF - European Journal of Contraception and Reproductive Health Care
IS - 3
ER -