FDG PET/CT and Ultrasound Evaluation of Breast Implant-Associated Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a rare malignancy with isolated case reports of FDG uptake on FDG PET/CT. We present 4 cases of pathology-confirmed BIA-ALCL to illustrate varying presentations and imaging features of this disease process. Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma presents most commonly approximately 10 years after implantation of textured silicone or saline breast implants. Patients may present with breast enlargement, peri-implant effusion, a palpable breast or axillary mass, lymphadenopathy, breast skin erythema, or pain. Diagnosis of BIA-ALCL may be confirmed by sampling of peri-implant fluid or biopsy of peri-implant masses or regional lymph nodes.