Fatal cerebral abscess caused by Cladophialophora bantiana

Primary cerebral phaeohyphomycosis is caused by pigmented fungi that exhibit distinct neurotropism often in immunocompetent individuals. A 20 yr old male presented with multiple brain abscess which was subsequently proven microbiologically to be due to Cladophialophora Bantiana. In spite of near total excision and appropriate antifungal agents succumbed to his illness. We report this case to highlight its rarity and high mortality in an immunocompetent host. There is no initial clinical or laboratory feature that makes a preoperative diagnosis possible and relies on microbiological confirmation.