@article{aef1f5de5ad743c98c797e1804d8aabe,
title = "Factors Associated with the Development of Gastrointestinal Symptoms in Patients Hospitalized with Covid-19",
abstract = "Background and Aims: The most common symptoms of Covid-19 are respiratory; however, gastrointestinal symptoms are present in up to 50% of patients. We aimed to determine characteristics associated with the development of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Covid-19. Methods: A case–control study of adults hospitalized for Covid-19 was conducted across a geographically diverse alliance of 36 US and Canadian medical centers. Data were manually abstracted from electronic health records and analyzed using regression analyses to determine characteristics associated with any gastrointestinal symptoms and diarrhea specifically. Results: Of 1406 patients, 540 (38%) reported at least one gastrointestinal symptom and 346 (25%) reported diarrhea. Older patients (≥ 80 years) had significantly lower rates of any gastrointestinal symptoms and diarrhea (vs. patients 18–79 years, OR 0.41, p < 0.01 and OR 0.43 p = 0.01, respectively), while those with IBS (OR 7.70, p = 0.02 and OR 6.72, p < 0.01, respectively) and on immunosuppressive therapy (OR = 1.56, p = 0.02) had higher rates of any gastrointestinal symptom and diarrhea. Patients with constitutional symptoms exhibited significantly higher rates (OR 1.91, p < 0.01), while those with pulmonary disease alone had lower rates of gastrointestinal symptoms (OR 0.23, p = 0.01). A significant interaction between constitutional symptoms and pre-existing pulmonary conditions was observed. Conclusions: Several patient- and disease-specific characteristics associate with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with Covid-19. Knowledge of these may provide insights into associated pathophysiologic mechanisms, and help health care professionals provide targeted attention to reduce morbidity related to Covid-19.",
keywords = "Characteristics, Covid-19, Gastrointestinal symptoms",
author = "{on behalf of the North American Alliance for the Study of Digestive Manifestations of Covid-19} and Aroniadis, {Olga C.} and Xianling Wang and Tang Gong and Nauzer Forbes and Yang, {Jeong Yun} and Andrew Canakis and Elmunzer, {Badih Joseph} and Dhiraj Yadav and Aroniadis, {Olga C.} and Elmunzer, {B. Joseph} and Elmunzer, {B. Joseph} and Spitzer, {Rebecca L.} and Dixon, {Rebekah E.} and Ordiah, {Collins O.} and Kolb, {Jennifer M.} and Sachin Wani and Aroniadis, {Olga Olga C.} and Mendelsohn, {Robin B.} and DiMaio, {Christopher J.} and Rockey, {Don C.} and Singal, {Amit G.} and Deshpande, {Amar R.} and Swati Pawa and Conwell, {Darwin L.} and Raman Muthusamy and Tierney, {William M.} and Alford, {Teldon B.} and Lauren Wakefield and Haley Nitchie and Ordiah, {Collins O.} and Spitzer, {Rebecca L.} and Merchant, {Ambreen A.} and Patel, {Vaishali A.} and Willingham, {Field F.} and Howard, {Eric F.} and West, {Mary K.} and Koza, {Casey L.} and Yachimski, {Patrick S.} and Emad Qayed and Rosemary Nustas and Ali Zakaria and Piper, {Marc S.} and Taylor, {Jason R.} and Lujain Jaza and Millie Chau and Lara, {Luis F.} and Papachristou, {Georgios I.} and Uchechi Okafor and Volk, {Michael L.} and Evan Mosier and Mohamed Azab and Anish Patel and Hilson, {Liam G.} and Selena Zhou and James Buxbaum and Kushnir, {Vladimir M.} and Lenyo, {Alexandria M.} and Sloan, {Ian P.} and Thomas Hollander and McLeod, {Caroline G.} and Spitzer, {Rebecca L.} and Lauren Wakefield and Haley Nitchie and Ordiah, {Collins O.} and Rockey, {Don C.} and Elmunzer, {B. Joseph} and Sunil Amin and Kuftinec, {Gabriela N.} and Deshpande, {Amar R.} and Melissa Saul and Melanie Mays and Gulsum Anderson and Kelley Wood and Laura Mathews and Charlie Fox and Kolb, {Jennifer M.} and Sachin Wani and Swati Pawa and Rishi Pawa and Christopher Huang and Jamil, {Laith H.} and Aneese, {Andrew M.} and Gjeorgjievski, {V. Mihajlo} and Zaid Imam and Fadi Odish and Edhi, {Ahmed I.} and Molly Orosey and Abhinav Tiwari and Soumil Patwardhan and Glamour, {Benita K.} and Smith, {Zachary L.} and Hosmer, {Amy E.} and Nancy Furey and Amitabh Chak and Hanley, {Katherine A.} and Jordan Wood and Keswani, {Rajesh N.} and Patel, {Harsh K.} and Shah, {Janak N.} and Emil Agarunov and Brown, {Nicholas G.} and Patel, {Anish A.} and Amrita Sethi and Fogel, {Evan L.} and Gail McNulty and Abdul Haseeb and Trieu, {Judy A.} and Dixon, {Rebekah E.} and DiMaio, {Christopher J.} and Mendelsohn, {Robin B.} and Delia Calo and Aroniadis, {Olga C.} and LaComb, {Joseph F.} and Cruz, {Lilian Lilian} and Olga Reykhart and Scheiman, {James M.} and Sauer, {Bryan G.} and Galina Diakova and Dang, {Duyen T.} and Piraka, {Cyrus R.} and Shah, {Eric D.} and Molly Caisse and Zbib, {Natalia H.} and Damianos, {John A.} and Heiko Pohl and Tierney, {William M.} and Stephanie Mitchell and Bronze, {Michael S.} and Ashwinee Condon and Adrienne Lenhart and Raman Muthusamy and Dua, {Kulwinder S.} and Kanagala, {Vikram S.} and James Esteban and Ayesha Kamal and Canto, {Marcia I.} and Singh, {Vikesh K.} and Pinto-Sanchez, {Maria Ines} and Hutchinson, {Joy M.} and Kwon, {Richard S.} and Korsnes, {Sheryl J.} and Harminder Singh and Zahra Solati and Nick Hajidiacos",
note = "Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2021, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.",
year = "2022",
month = aug,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1007/s10620-021-07286-7",
language = "English",
volume = "67",
pages = "3860--3871",
journal = "Digestive diseases and sciences",
issn = "0163-2116",
number = "8",
}