Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor of the brachial plexus in a five-year-old female: A case report and review of the literature

Rhabdoid tumor is a rare, aggressive, and highly fatal disease that typically presents in the kidneys of children. Extrarenal rhabdoid tumor has been identified in various tissue types throughout the body, most commonly in the brain, but despite its wide phenotypic diversity nearly all rhabdoid tumors share the same genotypic origin. We present a case of rhabdoid tumor of the brachial plexus, the second such case to be reported, and a brief review of the literature. Our patient is a five-year-old female who presented with sensorimotor symptoms of her arm. Her initial imaging suggested a possible malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor. She underwent surgical decompression via an infraclavicular approach; complete resection was not possible. The pathology was consistent with extrarenal rhabdoid tumor. She is being treated with alternating cycles of chemotherapy consisting of ICE and VDC.