Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation cannula malposition in the azygos vein in an infant

Introduction: Misplacement of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) venous cannula in the azygos vein has previously been described only in newborns. Case: For the first time, we report an aberrant ECMO cannula placement in the azygos vein in a child outside neonatal period. History of chronic lung disease and ligation of persistent ductus arteriosus leading to elevated right ventricular pressure was the potential risk factor. Conclusions: This rare complication should be considered whenever the patient has inadequate venous return on ECMO and it can be easily ruled out with a lateral chest radiograph.