@article{ba45dc6f739744319d2de85ee370019d,
title = "Exploring clinically-relevant experimental models of neonatal shock and necrotizing enterocolitis",
abstract = "Neonatal shock and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) are leading causes of morbidity and mortality in premature infants. NEC is a life-threatening gastrointestinal illness, the precise etiology of which is not well understood, but is characterized by an immaturity of the intestinal barrier, altered function of the adaptive immune system, and intestinal dysbiosis. The complexities of NEC and shock in the neonatal population necessitate relevant clinical modeling using newborn animals that mimic the disease in human neonates to better elucidate the pathogenesis and provide an opportunity for the discovery of potential therapeutics. A wide variety of animal species - including rats, mice, piglets, and primates - have been used in developing experimental models of neonatal diseases such as NEC and shock. This review aims to highlight the immunologic differences in neonates compared with adults and provide an assessment of the advantages and drawbacks of established animal models of both NEC and shock using enteral or intraperitoneal induction of bacterial pathogens. The selection of a model has benefits unique to each type of animal species and provides individual opportunities for the development of targeted therapies. This review discusses the clinical and physiologic relevance of animal models and the insight they contribute to the complexities of the specific neonatal diseases: NEC and shock.",
keywords = "Animal models, necrotizing enterocolitis, piglet, primate, rodent, sepsis, shock",
author = "Nolan, {Lila S.} and Wynn, {James L.} and Misty Good",
note = "Funding Information: Address reprint requests to Misty Good, MD, MS, Assistant Professor of Pediatrics, Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, 660 South Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8208, St. Louis, MO 63110. E-mail: mistygood@wustl.edu JLW is supported by R01GM128452, R01HD089939, R01HD088541 from the National Institutes of Health. JLW is a paid consultant for Fluid Imaging Technologies and Evolve Biosciences. JLW has also served as a panelist on the Society of Critical Care Medicine Pediatric Sepsis Taskforce for which he received travel support to meetings. MG is supported by R01DK118568 from the National Institutes of Health, the Children{\textquoteright}s Discovery Institute of Washington University and St. Louis Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital, the St. Louis Children{\textquoteright}s Hospital Foundation and the Department of Pediatrics at Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis. MG has previously received sponsored research agreement funding from Astarte Medical Partners and participated in a neonatal microbiome advisory board for Abbott Laboratories. None of the above sources had any role in this study. The authors report no conflicts of interest. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2020 Lippincott Williams and Wilkins. All rights reserved.",
year = "2020",
month = may,
day = "1",
doi = "10.1097/SHK.0000000000001507",
language = "English",
volume = "53",
pages = "596--604",
journal = "Shock",
issn = "1073-2322",
number = "5",
}