Experiences of LGBT microaggressions in the workplace: Implications for policy

The present chapter focuses on the experiences of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) microaggressions in the workplace. Microaggressions occur verbally, behaviorally, or environmentally and have been described as subtle forms of discrimination that convey hostile, derogatory, or negative slights and insults toward members of oppressed groups (Nadal, Prevention in Counseling Psychology: Theory, Research, Practice and Training 2(1):22–27, 2008). Participants included 100 working Americans who identified as sexual minorities, including 13 who also identified as transgender. Thematic analysis revealed three distinct themes for LGBT workplace microaggressions. Participants described LGBT microaggressions that contributed to a hostile and/or heterosexist workplace climate. These microaggressions were similar in content to general LGBT microaggressions but were uniquely described in the workplace setting. Participants also described LGBT microaggressions that were situated within the organizational structure of the workplace and reflected the power dynamic inherent to the position of the employee. The third type of workplace microaggression was related specifically to workplace policy. In many cases these microaggressions revealed a disconnect between the workplace diversity statement and existing policy, a disconnect between state laws and workplace policy, and/or a disconnect between an existing workplace policy and the ability or willingness to enforce the policy. Discussion includes best practices and policy recommendations for organizations.