TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining the complicated relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment in preclinical Alzheimer disease
AU - Javaherian, Kavon
AU - Newman, Brianne M.
AU - Weng, Hua
AU - Hassenstab, Jason
AU - Xiong, Chengjie
AU - Coble, Dean
AU - Fagan, Anne M.
AU - Benzinger, Tammie
AU - Morris, John C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2019 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.
PY - 2019
Y1 - 2019
N2 - Introduction: The relationships between Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive performance, and depression are poorly understood. It is unclear whether depressive features are a prodrome of AD. In addition, some studies of aging exclude depressed individuals, which may inappropriately limit generalizability. The aim of the present study was to determine whether depressive symptoms affect cognitive function in the context of preclinical AD. Methods: Cross-sectional multivariate analysis of participants in a longitudinal study of aging (n=356) that evaluates the influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive function in cognitively normal adults. Results: There is no relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive function in those with either no evidence of preclinical AD or biomarker evidence of early-stage preclinical AD. However, in later stages of preclinical AD, the presence of depressive symptoms demonstrated interactive effects, including in episodic memory (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.62) and global cognitive function (0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.028-0.89). Conclusions: The presence of depressive symptoms may be a late prodrome of AD. In addition, studies investigating cognitive function in older adults may not need to exclude participants with depressive symptomology, but may still consider depressive symptoms as a potential confounder in the context of more extensive neuronal injury.
AB - Introduction: The relationships between Alzheimer disease (AD), cognitive performance, and depression are poorly understood. It is unclear whether depressive features are a prodrome of AD. In addition, some studies of aging exclude depressed individuals, which may inappropriately limit generalizability. The aim of the present study was to determine whether depressive symptoms affect cognitive function in the context of preclinical AD. Methods: Cross-sectional multivariate analysis of participants in a longitudinal study of aging (n=356) that evaluates the influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive function in cognitively normal adults. Results: There is no relationship between the presence of depressive symptoms and cognitive function in those with either no evidence of preclinical AD or biomarker evidence of early-stage preclinical AD. However, in later stages of preclinical AD, the presence of depressive symptoms demonstrated interactive effects, including in episodic memory (0.96; 95% confidence interval, 0.31-1.62) and global cognitive function (0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.028-0.89). Conclusions: The presence of depressive symptoms may be a late prodrome of AD. In addition, studies investigating cognitive function in older adults may not need to exclude participants with depressive symptomology, but may still consider depressive symptoms as a potential confounder in the context of more extensive neuronal injury.
KW - Alzheimer disease
KW - Biomarker
KW - Cerebrospinal fluid
KW - Clinical dementia rating
KW - Cognitive impairment
KW - Dementia
KW - Depressive symptoms
KW - Geriatric depression scale
KW - Pittsburgh compound B positron emission tomography
KW - Preclinical AD
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85057613907&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000284
DO - 10.1097/WAD.0000000000000284
M3 - Article
C2 - 30489279
AN - SCOPUS:85057613907
SN - 0893-0341
VL - 33
SP - 15
EP - 20
JO - Alzheimer disease and associated disorders
JF - Alzheimer disease and associated disorders
IS - 1
ER -