TY - JOUR
T1 - Examining Specificity of Neural Correlates of Childhood Psychotic-like Experiences During an Emotional n-Back Task
AU - O'Brien, Kathleen J.
AU - Barch, Deanna M.
AU - Kandala, Sridhar
AU - Karcher, Nicole R.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant No. U01 DA041120 [to DMB]) and the National Institutes of Health Grant No. MH014677 [to NRK]). We thank the families participating in the ABCD Study. Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the ABCD Study (https://abcdstudy.org) held in the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive. This is a multisite longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children aged 9 and 10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and additional federal partners (Grant Nos. U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147, U01DA041093, and U01DA041025). A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html. A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/study-sites/. ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in analysis or writing of this report. This article reflects the views of the authors and might not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators. The ABCD Study data repository grows and changes over time. The ABCD Study data used in this report came from doi:10.15154/1503209. The authors report no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
Funding Information:
Data used in the preparation of this article were obtained from the ABCD Study ( https://abcdstudy.org ) held in the National Institute of Mental Health Data Archive. This is a multisite longitudinal study designed to recruit more than 10,000 children aged 9 and 10 years and follow them over 10 years into early adulthood. The ABCD Study is supported by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and additional federal partners (Grant Nos. U01DA041022, U01DA041028, U01DA041048, U01DA041089, U01DA041106, U01DA041117, U01DA041120, U01DA041134, U01DA041148, U01DA041156, U01DA041174, U24DA041123, U24DA041147, U01DA041093, and U01DA041025). A full list of supporters is available at https://abcdstudy.org/federal-partners.html . A listing of participating sites and a complete listing of the study investigators can be found at https://abcdstudy.org/study-sites/ . ABCD consortium investigators designed and implemented the study and/or provided data but did not necessarily participate in analysis or writing of this report. This article reflects the views of the authors and might not reflect the opinions or views of the NIH or ABCD consortium investigators.
Funding Information:
This work was supported by the National Institute on Drug Abuse (Grant No. U01 DA041120 [to DMB]) and the National Institutes of Health Grant No. MH014677 [to NRK]).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2020 Society of Biological Psychiatry
PY - 2020/6
Y1 - 2020/6
N2 - Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood, highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Furthermore, impairment of cognitive functions, such as working memory and emotion regulation, has also been linked to psychosis risk as well as to disruptions in several brain regions. However, impairments in these domains have also been linked to other disorders, including depression. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether neural impairments in regions associated with working memory and implicit emotion regulation impairments are specific to PLEs versus depression. Methods: The current study used an emotional n-back task to examine the relationship between childhood PLEs and neural activation of regions involved in both working memory and implicit emotion regulation using data from 8805 9- to 11-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 2.0 release. To examine specificity, we also analyzed associations with depressive symptoms. Results: Our results indicated that increased PLEs during middle childhood were associated with decreased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and pallidum during trials requiring working memory. In contrast, increased activation of the parahippocampus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, and rostral anterior cingulate during face-viewing trials was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results support the dimensional view of psychosis across the lifespan, providing evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as decreased activation during working memory, are present during middle childhood. Furthermore, these correlates are specific to psychotic-like symptoms as compared with depressive symptoms.
AB - Background: Psychotic-like experiences (PLEs) during childhood are associated with greater risk of developing a psychotic disorder in adulthood, highlighting the importance of identifying neural correlates of childhood PLEs. Furthermore, impairment of cognitive functions, such as working memory and emotion regulation, has also been linked to psychosis risk as well as to disruptions in several brain regions. However, impairments in these domains have also been linked to other disorders, including depression. Therefore, the aim of the current study was to examine whether neural impairments in regions associated with working memory and implicit emotion regulation impairments are specific to PLEs versus depression. Methods: The current study used an emotional n-back task to examine the relationship between childhood PLEs and neural activation of regions involved in both working memory and implicit emotion regulation using data from 8805 9- to 11-year-olds in the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study 2.0 release. To examine specificity, we also analyzed associations with depressive symptoms. Results: Our results indicated that increased PLEs during middle childhood were associated with decreased activation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, striatum, and pallidum during trials requiring working memory. In contrast, increased activation of the parahippocampus, caudate, nucleus accumbens, and rostral anterior cingulate during face-viewing trials was associated with increased depressive symptoms. Conclusions: These results support the dimensional view of psychosis across the lifespan, providing evidence that neural correlates of PLEs, such as decreased activation during working memory, are present during middle childhood. Furthermore, these correlates are specific to psychotic-like symptoms as compared with depressive symptoms.
KW - Depression
KW - Emotional n-back
KW - Implicit emotion regulation
KW - Neuroimaging
KW - Psychotic-like experiences
KW - Working memory
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85083801505&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012
DO - 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.02.012
M3 - Article
C2 - 32354687
AN - SCOPUS:85083801505
SN - 2451-9022
VL - 5
SP - 580
EP - 590
JO - Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
JF - Biological Psychiatry: Cognitive Neuroscience and Neuroimaging
IS - 6
ER -