Evolving Treatment Landscape in Endometrial Cancer

Endometrial cancer is a gynecological malignancy that poses a serious health burden, especially in advanced or metastatic settings. Patients with early-stage disease can be treated with surgery, possibly in conjunction with chemotherapy, hormone therapy or radiation therapy, to achieve better results. However, treatment options are limited and the overall prognosis is poor among patients with advanced or metastatic disease, creating a large unmet need in this setting. Recently, clinical trials have shown promising results for immunotherapy and targeted therapies in patients with advanced or metastatic endometrial cancer. In particular, immunotherapy has improved clinical outcomes, both as monotherapy and in combination with other agents, in patients with microsatellite stable and unstable (microsatellite instability-high) endometrial cancer. This review article discusses recent developments in endometrial cancer therapy, including data presented at the European Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) Congress 2023 and the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) Annual Meeting on Women's Cancer 2024.