TY - JOUR
T1 - Enhancing the Stability of COVID-19 Serological Assay through Metal–Organic Framework Encapsulation
AU - Wang, Yixuan
AU - Wang, Zheyu
AU - Gupta, Prashant
AU - Morrissey, Jeremiah J.
AU - Naik, Rajesh R.
AU - Singamaneni, Srikanth
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the support from National Cancer Institute-Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (R21CA236652). The authors thank the Nano Research Facility (NRF) and Institute for Materials Science and Engineering (IMSE) at Washington University in St. Louis for providing access to characterization facilities. This study utilized plasma samples obtained from the Washington University School of Medicine’s COVID-19 biorepository through informed consent, developed and maintained by Jane O’Halloran, MD, Ph.D.; Rachel Presti, MD, Ph.D., Charles Goss, Ph.D., and Phillip Mudd, MD, Ph.D. The biorepository is supported by: the Barnes-Jewish Hospital Foundation; the Siteman Cancer Center grant P30 CA091842 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health; and the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grant UL1TR002345 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. The studies were conducted under approval by the Washington University Institutional Review Board under IRB 202004097.
Funding Information:
The authors acknowledge the support from National Cancer Institute‐Innovative Molecular Analysis Technologies (R21CA236652). The authors thank the Nano Research Facility (NRF) and Institute for Materials Science and Engineering (IMSE) at Washington University in St. Louis for providing access to characterization facilities. This study utilized plasma samples obtained from the Washington University School of Medicine’s COVID‐19 biorepository through informed consent, developed and maintained by Jane O’Halloran, MD, Ph.D.; Rachel Presti, MD, Ph.D., Charles Goss, Ph.D., and Phillip Mudd, MD, Ph.D. The biorepository is supported by: the Barnes‐Jewish Hospital Foundation; the Siteman Cancer Center grant P30 CA091842 from the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health; and the Washington University Institute of Clinical and Translational Sciences grant UL1TR002345 from the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the National Institutes of Health. The studies were conducted under approval by the Washington University Institutional Review Board under IRB 202004097.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Wiley-VCH GmbH
PY - 2021/9/22
Y1 - 2021/9/22
N2 - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is widely utilized in serologic assays, including COVID-19, for the detection and quantification of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the limited stability of the diagnostic reagents (e.g., antigens serving as biorecognition elements) and biospecimens, temperature-controlled storage and handling conditions are critical. This limitation among others makes biodiagnostics in resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are inaccessible or unreliable, particularly challenging. In this work, metal–organic framework encapsulation is demonstrated as a simple and effective method to preserve the conformational epitopes of antigens immobilized on microtiter plate under non-refrigerated storage conditions. It is demonstrated that in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) renders excellent stability to surface-bound SARS-CoV-2 antigens, thereby maintaining the assay performance under elevated temperature (40 °C) for up to 4 weeks. As a complementary method, the preservation of plasma samples from COVID-19 patients using ZIF-90 encapsulation is also demonstrated. The energy-efficient approach demonstrated here will not only alleviate the financial burden associated with cold-chain transportation, but also improve the disease surveillance in resource-limited settings with more reliable clinical data.
AB - Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is widely utilized in serologic assays, including COVID-19, for the detection and quantification of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. However, due to the limited stability of the diagnostic reagents (e.g., antigens serving as biorecognition elements) and biospecimens, temperature-controlled storage and handling conditions are critical. This limitation among others makes biodiagnostics in resource-limited settings, where refrigeration and electricity are inaccessible or unreliable, particularly challenging. In this work, metal–organic framework encapsulation is demonstrated as a simple and effective method to preserve the conformational epitopes of antigens immobilized on microtiter plate under non-refrigerated storage conditions. It is demonstrated that in situ growth of zeolitic imidazolate framework-90 (ZIF-90) renders excellent stability to surface-bound SARS-CoV-2 antigens, thereby maintaining the assay performance under elevated temperature (40 °C) for up to 4 weeks. As a complementary method, the preservation of plasma samples from COVID-19 patients using ZIF-90 encapsulation is also demonstrated. The energy-efficient approach demonstrated here will not only alleviate the financial burden associated with cold-chain transportation, but also improve the disease surveillance in resource-limited settings with more reliable clinical data.
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays
KW - metal–organic frameworks
KW - preservation
KW - resource-limited settings
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85110999873&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1002/adhm.202100410
DO - 10.1002/adhm.202100410
M3 - Article
C2 - 34297470
AN - SCOPUS:85110999873
SN - 2192-2640
VL - 10
JO - Advanced Healthcare Materials
JF - Advanced Healthcare Materials
IS - 18
M1 - 2100410
ER -