Endoscopic carpal tunnel release: An anatomic study of the two-incision method in human cadavers

To determine the relationship of neurovascular structures to the sites of portal placement and transverse carpal ligament division during two-portal endoscopic carpal tunnel release, a study of 20 fresh cadaver specimens was carried out. Open dissection of the carpal tunnel after endoscopic surgery showed complete ligamentous release in 18 hands (90%). In 10 specimens, the procedure was performed as described by Chow. There was one partial transection of the superficial palmar arch (5%), and five specimens (50%) had complete divisions of the superficial palmar fascia with considerable pressure placed on the ulnar nerve at the wrist. A modified technique was used in 10 specimens in which the proximal incision was made in a more distal location and a distally based ligamentous flap was created. The superficial palmar arch and the distal edge of the transverse carpal ligament were visualized directly before passage of the trocar. No complications were noted with this method.