TY - JOUR
T1 - Efficient T Cell Migration and Activation Require L-Plastin
AU - Joshi, Hemant
AU - Morley, Sharon Celeste
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institutes of Health grants R01- AI104732, R21EB030171, R01 AI118719, HL148033, R01AI139540, and R56 AI104732, National Science Foundation grants CBET-1900277 and CMMI1548571, American Lung Association grant ETRA 736343, Washington University in Saint Louis Children’s Discovery Institute grants CDI-CORE-2019-813 and CDI-CORE-2015-505, Foundation for Barnes-Jewish Hospital grants 3770 and 4642, American Association of Immunologists AAI Careers in immunology fellowship. The content of this study is the authors’ sole responsibility and does not necessarily represent official NIH views.
Publisher Copyright:
Copyright © 2022 Joshi and Morley.
PY - 2022/6/29
Y1 - 2022/6/29
N2 - Rapid re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton supports T-cell trafficking towards immune sites and interaction with antigen presenting cells (APCs). F-actin rearrangement enables T-cell trafficking by stabilizing adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and promoting transendothelial migration. T-cell/APC immune synapse (IS) maturation also relies upon f-actin-anchored LFA-1:ICAM-1 ligation. Therefore, efficient T-cell responses require tight regulation of f-actin dynamics. In this review, we summarize how the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) regulates T-cell activation and migration. LPL enhances f-actin polymerization and also directly binds to the β2 chain of the integrin LFA-1 to support intercellular adhesion and IS formation in human and murine T cells. LPL- deficient T cells migrate slowly in response to chemo-attractants such as CXCL12, CCL19, and poorly polarize towards ICAM-1. Loss of LPL impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility. LPL is also required for T-cell IS maturation with APCs, and therefore for efficient cytokine production and proliferation. LPL-/- mice are less susceptible to T-cell mediated pathologies, such as allograft rejection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). LPL activity is regulated by its N-terminal “headpiece”, which contains serine and threonine phosphorylation and calcium- and calmodulin-binding sites. LPL phosphorylation is required for lamellipodia formation during adhesion and migration, and also for LFA-1 clustering during IS formation. However, the precise molecular interactions by which LPL supports T-cell functional responses remain unclear. Future studies elucidating LPL-mediated regulation of T-cell migration and/or activation may illuminate pathways for therapeutic targeting in T-cell-mediated diseases.
AB - Rapid re-organization of the actin cytoskeleton supports T-cell trafficking towards immune sites and interaction with antigen presenting cells (APCs). F-actin rearrangement enables T-cell trafficking by stabilizing adhesion to vascular endothelial cells and promoting transendothelial migration. T-cell/APC immune synapse (IS) maturation also relies upon f-actin-anchored LFA-1:ICAM-1 ligation. Therefore, efficient T-cell responses require tight regulation of f-actin dynamics. In this review, we summarize how the actin-bundling protein L-plastin (LPL) regulates T-cell activation and migration. LPL enhances f-actin polymerization and also directly binds to the β2 chain of the integrin LFA-1 to support intercellular adhesion and IS formation in human and murine T cells. LPL- deficient T cells migrate slowly in response to chemo-attractants such as CXCL12, CCL19, and poorly polarize towards ICAM-1. Loss of LPL impairs thymic egress and intranodal motility. LPL is also required for T-cell IS maturation with APCs, and therefore for efficient cytokine production and proliferation. LPL-/- mice are less susceptible to T-cell mediated pathologies, such as allograft rejection and experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). LPL activity is regulated by its N-terminal “headpiece”, which contains serine and threonine phosphorylation and calcium- and calmodulin-binding sites. LPL phosphorylation is required for lamellipodia formation during adhesion and migration, and also for LFA-1 clustering during IS formation. However, the precise molecular interactions by which LPL supports T-cell functional responses remain unclear. Future studies elucidating LPL-mediated regulation of T-cell migration and/or activation may illuminate pathways for therapeutic targeting in T-cell-mediated diseases.
KW - F-actin assembly
KW - L-plastin
KW - LFA-1 (CD11A/CD18; ITGAL/ITGB2)
KW - T cells
KW - cytoskeleton
KW - immune cell adhesion and migration
KW - immune synapse formation
KW - mechanotransduction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85134158480&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916137
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2022.916137
M3 - Review article
C2 - 35844504
AN - SCOPUS:85134158480
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 13
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
M1 - 916137
ER -