TY - JOUR
T1 - Effects of Age, Sex, and Independent Life Events on Amygdala and Nucleus Accumbens Volumes in Child Bipolar I Disorder
AU - Geller, Barbara
AU - Harms, Michael P.
AU - Wang, Lei
AU - Tillman, Rebecca
AU - DelBello, Melissa P.
AU - Bolhofner, Kristine
AU - Csernansky, John G.
N1 - Funding Information:
This work was supported by National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Grants R01 MH-53063 and R01 MH-57451 and from the Nathan Cummings Research Foundation to Dr. Geller.
Funding Information:
Dr. Geller has received research support from NIMH and the Nathan Cummings Research Foundation. Dr. DelBello has received research support from NIMH, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Alliance for Research on Schizophrenia and Depression, Thrasher Foundation, Eli Lilly, Janssen, Pfizer, AstraZeneca, Shire, Somerset Pharmaceuticals, BMS, GSK, Repligen, and Abbott. She has served as a consultant for Pfizer, Eli Lilly, AstraZeneca, Glaxo-SmithKline, and the France Foundation (CME company). Dr. DelBello has served on the Speakers' bureaus for AstraZeneca, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Bristol Myers Squibb, and the France Foundation (CME company). Dr. Csernansky has received research grants from the NIMH and the National Institute on Aging, has received royalties from Medtronic for a patent held jointly with Washington University School of Medicine, and has been a paid consultant to Eli Lilly, Sanofi-Aventis, and Houston-Pharma. Dr. Harms, Dr. Wang, Ms. Tillman, and Ms. Bolhofner have no biomedical financial interests or potential conflicts of interest.
PY - 2009/3/1
Y1 - 2009/3/1
N2 - Background: Relationships between environment and cortical-limbic-striatal pathways are not well-researched in child bipolar I disorder (BP-I). Methods: This was a controlled, blindly rated magnetic resonance imaging study of children with DSM-IV BP-I, manic or mixed type, compared with matched typically developing children (TC). Results: There were 47 subjects (21 BP-I, 26 TC) aged 14.0 ± 3.1 (BP-I onset age 8.8 ± 4.2). Total intracranial volume was greater in male subjects (n = 28) versus female subjects (n = 19) [F(1,44) = 24.3, p < .001], controlling for age. Volumes were not significantly different in BP-I and TC groups, after accounting for multiple comparisons, in the medial orbital frontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala (AMG), or nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Across subjects (n = 47), a greater number of independent life events (ILE) was associated with smaller AMG [F(1,36) = 7.8, p = .009] and NAcc [F(1,36) = 9.4, p = .004] volumes, controlling for total intracranial volume (TICV), group, age, sex, and family psychopathology. Use of stimulant medication at the time of the scan was associated with larger AMG volume [F(1,41) = 9.0, p = .005], controlling for TICV, group, age, and sex. In male subjects, the age × group interaction was a significant predictor in general linear models of AMG (p = .028) and NAcc (p = .030) volumes. Effects of low maternal warmth were not significant. Conclusions: Findings suggest that ILE affect AMG and NAcc volume, but further research is needed to examine specificity to child BP-I. Furthermore, differential age × group (child BP-I vs. TC) effects only in male subjects are consistent with differential brain development by sex.
AB - Background: Relationships between environment and cortical-limbic-striatal pathways are not well-researched in child bipolar I disorder (BP-I). Methods: This was a controlled, blindly rated magnetic resonance imaging study of children with DSM-IV BP-I, manic or mixed type, compared with matched typically developing children (TC). Results: There were 47 subjects (21 BP-I, 26 TC) aged 14.0 ± 3.1 (BP-I onset age 8.8 ± 4.2). Total intracranial volume was greater in male subjects (n = 28) versus female subjects (n = 19) [F(1,44) = 24.3, p < .001], controlling for age. Volumes were not significantly different in BP-I and TC groups, after accounting for multiple comparisons, in the medial orbital frontal cortex, rostral anterior cingulate cortex, hippocampus, amygdala (AMG), or nucleus accumbens (NAcc). Across subjects (n = 47), a greater number of independent life events (ILE) was associated with smaller AMG [F(1,36) = 7.8, p = .009] and NAcc [F(1,36) = 9.4, p = .004] volumes, controlling for total intracranial volume (TICV), group, age, sex, and family psychopathology. Use of stimulant medication at the time of the scan was associated with larger AMG volume [F(1,41) = 9.0, p = .005], controlling for TICV, group, age, and sex. In male subjects, the age × group interaction was a significant predictor in general linear models of AMG (p = .028) and NAcc (p = .030) volumes. Effects of low maternal warmth were not significant. Conclusions: Findings suggest that ILE affect AMG and NAcc volume, but further research is needed to examine specificity to child BP-I. Furthermore, differential age × group (child BP-I vs. TC) effects only in male subjects are consistent with differential brain development by sex.
KW - Adolescent
KW - MRI
KW - bipolar I disorder
KW - child
KW - independent life events
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=59249089846&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.033
DO - 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.09.033
M3 - Article
C2 - 18990366
AN - SCOPUS:59249089846
VL - 65
SP - 432
EP - 437
JO - Biological Psychiatry
JF - Biological Psychiatry
SN - 0006-3223
IS - 5
ER -