TY - JOUR
T1 - Effective use of hormonal contraceptives. Part II
T2 - Combined hormonal injectables, progestogen-only injectables and contraceptive implants
AU - Chrisman, Camaryn E.
AU - Curtis, Kathryn M.
AU - Mohllajee, Anshu P.
AU - Gaffield, Mary E.
AU - Peterson, Herbert B.
N1 - Funding Information:
This review was supported by resources from the World Health Organization, the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) and the U.S. National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD). We would also like to acknowledge the assistance of William Thomas, MLIS, Technical Information Specialist at CDC, in developing the literature search strategies.
PY - 2006/2
Y1 - 2006/2
N2 - Our objective in this systematic review was to evaluate evidence regarding controversial issues in the clinical management of women using injectable and implantable contraceptives. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for reports of primary research, published from 1966 through April 2005 in peer-reviewed journals, related to the initiation of combined or progestogen-only injectables and contraceptive implants, the effects of late contraceptive injections or the duration of levonorgestrel implant effectiveness. Results of the studies we reviewed showed that initiating injectable and implantable contraceptives through day 7 of the menstrual cycle suppresses follicular activity. Time to ovulation after study participants discontinued using injectables varied widely: from 4 to 8 weeks after the last administration of combined injectables, from 15 to 49 weeks after the last injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and from 5 to 19 weeks after the last injection of norethisterone enanthate. Norplant implants left in place for up to seven completed years remained effective among women who weighed <70 kg at the time of implant insertion, but their effectiveness decreased among women weighing <70 kg.
AB - Our objective in this systematic review was to evaluate evidence regarding controversial issues in the clinical management of women using injectable and implantable contraceptives. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for reports of primary research, published from 1966 through April 2005 in peer-reviewed journals, related to the initiation of combined or progestogen-only injectables and contraceptive implants, the effects of late contraceptive injections or the duration of levonorgestrel implant effectiveness. Results of the studies we reviewed showed that initiating injectable and implantable contraceptives through day 7 of the menstrual cycle suppresses follicular activity. Time to ovulation after study participants discontinued using injectables varied widely: from 4 to 8 weeks after the last administration of combined injectables, from 15 to 49 weeks after the last injection of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and from 5 to 19 weeks after the last injection of norethisterone enanthate. Norplant implants left in place for up to seven completed years remained effective among women who weighed <70 kg at the time of implant insertion, but their effectiveness decreased among women weighing <70 kg.
KW - Contraception
KW - Evidence-based review
KW - Follicular development
KW - Ovulation
KW - Time factors
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=30644458822&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.004
DO - 10.1016/j.contraception.2005.08.004
M3 - Review article
C2 - 16413843
AN - SCOPUS:30644458822
VL - 73
SP - 125
EP - 133
JO - Contraception
JF - Contraception
SN - 0010-7824
IS - 2
ER -