Effect of Pt(II) complexes on cancer and normal cells compared to clinically used anticancer drugs: Cell cycle analysis, apoptosis and DNA/BSA binding study

Pt(II) complexes having 2-[(Methylamino)methyl]pyridine (MAMP) as a carrier ligand have been synthesised and characterised. DNA binding ability of all the complexes have been investigated with Calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) through absorption titration, competitive binding with ethidium bromide, viscosity titration and gel electrophoresis. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) binding property has also been explored through fluorometric titration and different binding parameters for their interaction with DNA as well as BSA have been evaluated. Cytotoxicity of all the studied complexes are investigated on three different cancer cell lines A549, MCF7, MDA-MB-231 as well as normal cell line L6 myotubes through MTT assay and subsequently compared with three predominantly used Pt(II) based anticancer drugs cisplatin, carboplatin and oxaliplatin. All the Pt(II) complexes have been considered for the study of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and degree of lipid peroxidation (LPO) to explore their toxicity on normal cells. Study of cell cycle arrest by the complexes on A549 has also been performed through flow cytometry. Finally, in order to understand the underlying mechanism of cancer cell death, degree of apoptosis has been studied through immunoblot and immunofluorescence to measure the activated capase 3 by the studied complexes.