TY - JOUR
T1 - Ecological evidence that affect and perceptions of drink effects depend on alcohol expectancies
AU - Treloar, Hayley
AU - Piasecki, Thomas M.
AU - Mccarthy, Denis M.
AU - Sher, Kenneth J.
AU - Heath, Andrew C.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.
PY - 2015/9/1
Y1 - 2015/9/1
N2 - Aims: (1) To compare affective changes over drinking and non-drinking days among frequent drinkers and (2) to evaluate whether drinkers' expectations influence affective changes and perceived pleasure and relief from drinking. Design: Observational study involving ecological momentary assessments collected via electronic diaries during the course of 3weeks. Setting: Drinkers' usual settings in Columbia, MO, USA. Participants: A total of 400 adult, frequent drinkers, aged 18-70years. Measurements: Ecological assessments included morning reports, pre-drinking random prompts, user-initiated first-drink reports and device-prompted follow-ups over drinking episodes. Participants rated positive (enthusiastic, excited, happy) and negative (distressed, sad) affect and perceived pleasure and relief from drinking in real time. A self-report questionnaire completed at baseline evaluated expectancies for enhanced sociability and tension reduction from drinking. Findings: Relative to affective changes over non-drinking days, positive affect increased prior to drinking [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.004, 0.023], and at first drink (95% CI=0.238, 0.317), whereas negative affect decreased prior to drinking (95% CI=- 0.007, 0.000) and at first drink (95% CI=- 0.154, - 0.098). Sociability expectancies augmented increases in positive affect prior to drinking (95% CI=0.009, 0.027) and at first drink (95% CI=0.017, 0.169). Sociability expectancies also enhanced perceived pleasure from first drinks (95% CI=0.046, 0.318). Tension-reduction expectancies attenuated decreases in negative affect at first drink (95% CI=- 0.133, - 0.029), but augmented perceived relief from first drinks (95% CI=0.001, 0.304). Conclusions: Although theoretical models tend to focus on negative affective outcomes of drinking, changes in positive affect prior to drinking and early in drinking episodes are important for maintaining drinking behavior. Frequent drinkers' expectations for enhanced sociability or tension reduction from drinking influence their affective experiences over drinking days and perceptions of pleasure and relief from drinking.
AB - Aims: (1) To compare affective changes over drinking and non-drinking days among frequent drinkers and (2) to evaluate whether drinkers' expectations influence affective changes and perceived pleasure and relief from drinking. Design: Observational study involving ecological momentary assessments collected via electronic diaries during the course of 3weeks. Setting: Drinkers' usual settings in Columbia, MO, USA. Participants: A total of 400 adult, frequent drinkers, aged 18-70years. Measurements: Ecological assessments included morning reports, pre-drinking random prompts, user-initiated first-drink reports and device-prompted follow-ups over drinking episodes. Participants rated positive (enthusiastic, excited, happy) and negative (distressed, sad) affect and perceived pleasure and relief from drinking in real time. A self-report questionnaire completed at baseline evaluated expectancies for enhanced sociability and tension reduction from drinking. Findings: Relative to affective changes over non-drinking days, positive affect increased prior to drinking [95% confidence interval (CI)=0.004, 0.023], and at first drink (95% CI=0.238, 0.317), whereas negative affect decreased prior to drinking (95% CI=- 0.007, 0.000) and at first drink (95% CI=- 0.154, - 0.098). Sociability expectancies augmented increases in positive affect prior to drinking (95% CI=0.009, 0.027) and at first drink (95% CI=0.017, 0.169). Sociability expectancies also enhanced perceived pleasure from first drinks (95% CI=0.046, 0.318). Tension-reduction expectancies attenuated decreases in negative affect at first drink (95% CI=- 0.133, - 0.029), but augmented perceived relief from first drinks (95% CI=0.001, 0.304). Conclusions: Although theoretical models tend to focus on negative affective outcomes of drinking, changes in positive affect prior to drinking and early in drinking episodes are important for maintaining drinking behavior. Frequent drinkers' expectations for enhanced sociability or tension reduction from drinking influence their affective experiences over drinking days and perceptions of pleasure and relief from drinking.
KW - Alcohol
KW - Drink appraisals
KW - Ecological momentary assessment
KW - Expectancies
KW - Negative affect
KW - Piecewise growth model
KW - Positive affect
KW - Sociability
KW - Tension reduction
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84938202114&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/add.12982
DO - 10.1111/add.12982
M3 - Article
C2 - 25959045
AN - SCOPUS:84938202114
SN - 0965-2140
VL - 110
SP - 1432
EP - 1442
JO - Addiction
JF - Addiction
IS - 9
ER -