@article{9fbf8049747545f68735e8b69ac44b6b,
title = "Disease-specific alterations in the enteric virome in inflammatory bowel disease",
abstract = "Summary Decreases in the diversity of enteric bacterial populations are observed in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Less is known about the virome in these diseases. We show that the enteric virome is abnormal in CD and UC patients. In-depth analysis of preparations enriched for free virions in the intestine revealed that CD and UC were associated with a significant expansion of Caudovirales bacteriophages. The viromes of CD and UC patients were disease and cohort specific. Importantly, it did not appear that expansion and diversification of the enteric virome was secondary to changes in bacterial populations. These data support a model in which changes in the virome may contribute to intestinal inflammation and bacterial dysbiosis. We conclude that the virome is a candidate for contributing to, or being a biomarker for, human inflammatory bowel disease and speculate that the enteric virome may play a role in other diseases.",
author = "Norman, {Jason M.} and Handley, {Scott A.} and Baldridge, {Megan T.} and Lindsay Droit and Liu, {Catherine Y.} and Keller, {Brian C.} and Amal Kambal and Monaco, {Cynthia L.} and Guoyan Zhao and Phillip Fleshner and Thaddeus Stappenbeck and McGovern, {Dermot P.B.} and Ali Keshavarzian and Mutlu, {Ece A.} and Jenny Sauk and Dirk Gevers and Xavier, {Ramnik J.} and David Wang and Miles Parkes and Skip Virgin",
note = "Funding Information: H.W.V., S.A.H., and J.M.N. were supported by R01 AI084887, R01 OD011170, grants 3132 and 274415 from the Crohn{\textquoteright}s and Colitis Foundation, and grant IBD-0357 from the Broad Medical Foundation. T.S.S. was supported by grant 3132 from the Crohn{\textquoteright}s and Colitis Foundation. J.M.N. was supported by NIH grant 5T32AI007163-35. M.T.B. was supported by NIH grant 5T32CA009547. B.C.K. was supported by NIH grant T32 HL007317-36. C.L.M. was supported by NIH grant 5T32AI007172-34. A. Keshavarzian and E.A.M. were supported by R01 AT007143, DK071838, and AT001628. D.P.B.M. was supported by DK062413, DK046763-19, AI067068, and U54DE023789-01, grant HS021747 from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, grant 305479 from the European Union, and The Leona M. and Harry B. Helmsley Charitable Trust. M.P. was supported by the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre awards to Addenbrooke{\textquoteright}s Hospital and University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine. D.W. was supported by the NIH Midwest Regional Center of Excellence for Biodefense and Emerging Infectious Diseases Research grant U54 AI057160. D.G. and R.J.X. were supported by U54 DE023798 and R01 DK092405. We thank the Genome Technology Access Center in the Department of Genetics at Washington University School of Medicine for help with genomic analysis. The Center is partially supported by NCI Cancer Center Support grant P30 CA91842 to the Siteman Cancer Center and by ICTS/CTSA grant UL1TR000448 from the National Center for Research Resources (NCRR), a component of the NIH, and NIH Roadmap for Medical Research. This publication is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of NCRR or NIH. We would like to thank the patients and relatives who contributed samples to this collection and the team of research nurses and coordinators who supported this activity, including Claire Dawson, Elizabeth Andersen, and Martina Lofthouse (Cambridge, UK) and Gildardo Barron (Los Angeles, USA). We also acknowledge the NIHR Biomedical Research Centre award to support research infrastructure at Addenbrooke{\textquoteright}s Hospital/University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine. We would also like to thank Jessica Hoisington-Lopez from the Center for Genome Sciences and Systems Biology at Washington University School of Medicine for her sequencing expertise. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} 2015 Elsevier Inc.",
year = "2015",
month = jan,
day = "29",
doi = "10.1016/j.cell.2015.01.002",
language = "English",
volume = "160",
pages = "447--460",
journal = "Cell",
issn = "0092-8674",
number = "3",
}