Differential cortical microstructural maturation in the preterm human brain with diffusion kurtosis and tensor imaging

Minhui Ouyang, Tina Jeon, Aristeidis Sotiras, Qinmu Peng, Virendra Mishra, Cathy Halovanic, Min Chen, Lina Chalak, Nancy Rollins, Timothy P.L. Roberts, Christos Davatzikos, Hao Huang

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

62 Scopus citations

Abstract

During the third trimester, the human brain undergoes rapid cellular and molecular processes that reshape the structural architecture of the cerebral cortex. Knowledge of cortical differentiation obtained predominantly from histological studies is limited in localized and small cortical regions. How cortical microstructure is differentiated across cortical regions in this critical period is unknown. In this study, the cortical microstructural architecture across the entire cortex was delineated with non-Gaussian diffusion kurtosis imaging as well as conventional diffusion tensor imaging of 89 preterm neonates aged 31–42 postmenstrual weeks. The temporal changes of cortical mean kurtosis (MK) or fractional anisotropy (FA) were heterogeneous across the cortical regions. Cortical MK decreases were observed throughout the studied age period, while cortical FA decrease reached its plateau around 37 weeks. More rapid decreases in MK were found in the primary visual region, while faster FA declines were observed in the prefrontal cortex. We found that distinctive cortical microstructural changes were coupled with microstructural maturation of associated white matter tracts. Both cortical MK and FA measurements predicted the postmenstrual age of preterm infants accurately. This study revealed a differential 4D spatiotemporal cytoarchitectural signature inferred by non-Gaussian diffusion barriers inside the cortical plate during the third trimester. The cytoarchitectural processes, including dendritic arborization and neuronal density decreases, were inferred by regional cortical FA and MK measurements. The presented findings suggest that cortical MK and FA measurements could be used as effective imaging markers for cortical microstructural changes in typical and potentially atypical brain development.

Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)4681-4688
Number of pages8
JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Volume116
Issue number10
DOIs
StatePublished - 2019

Keywords

  • Brain development
  • Cortical microstructure
  • DK
  • Differentiation
  • Maturation

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