Diagnosis and Treatment of Myxoid Liposarcomas: Histology Matters

Sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of rare malignancies that arise from mesenchymal cells and can occur anywhere in the body. Herein, the focus will be on one subtype of sarcoma that arises from adipocytic tissue, liposarcoma. Specifically, the review will focus on one type of liposarcoma, myxoid liposarcoma. Given the rarity of this tumor, it is imperative that these patients are treated at a sarcoma center, where a multidisciplinary approach incorporates all the modalities available including clinical trials. As the understanding of the biology of myxoid liposarcomas progresses, more targeted therapies are being developed that will lead to better tolerated treatments and improved survival for patients. In this review, we will be discussing the pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnostic workup, and available treatment options including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, and clinical trials.