TY - JOUR
T1 - Diagnosis and Pathophysiological Mechanisms of Group 3 Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension
AU - Woo, Kel Vin
AU - Ornitz, David M.
AU - Singh, Gautam K.
N1 - Funding Information:
Kel Vin Woo declares no potential conflicts of interest. David M. Ornitz reports a grant from the NIH. Gautam K. Singh is a section editor for Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2019, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.
PY - 2019/3/1
Y1 - 2019/3/1
N2 - Purpose of review: Group 3 hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important and increasingly diagnosed condition in both the pediatric and adult population. The majority of pulmonary hypertension studies to date and all three classes of drug therapies were designed to focus on group 1 PH. There is a clear unmet medical need for understanding the molecular mechanisms of group 3 PH and a need for novel non-invasive methods of assessing PH in neonates. Recent findings: Several growth factors are expressed in patients and in animal models of group 3 PH and are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Here, we review some of the findings on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1), and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in PH. Additionally, we discuss novel uses of echocardiographic parameters in assessing right ventricular form and function. Summary: FGF2, TGFB, PDGFB, and VEGFA may serve as biomarkers in group 3 PH along with echocardiographic methods to diagnose and follow right ventricle function. FGFs and VEGFs may also function in the pathophysiology of group 3 PH.
AB - Purpose of review: Group 3 hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension (PH) is an important and increasingly diagnosed condition in both the pediatric and adult population. The majority of pulmonary hypertension studies to date and all three classes of drug therapies were designed to focus on group 1 PH. There is a clear unmet medical need for understanding the molecular mechanisms of group 3 PH and a need for novel non-invasive methods of assessing PH in neonates. Recent findings: Several growth factors are expressed in patients and in animal models of group 3 PH and are thought to contribute to the pathophysiology of this disease. Here, we review some of the findings on the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA), platelet-derived growth factor B (PDGFB), transforming growth factor-beta (TGFB1), and fibroblast growth factors (FGF) in PH. Additionally, we discuss novel uses of echocardiographic parameters in assessing right ventricular form and function. Summary: FGF2, TGFB, PDGFB, and VEGFA may serve as biomarkers in group 3 PH along with echocardiographic methods to diagnose and follow right ventricle function. FGFs and VEGFs may also function in the pathophysiology of group 3 PH.
KW - Echocardiography
KW - Fibroblast growth factors
KW - Group 3 pulmonary hypertension
KW - Hypoxia
KW - Pulmonary hypertension
KW - Right ventricle
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85063345745&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s11936-019-0718-3
DO - 10.1007/s11936-019-0718-3
M3 - Review article
C2 - 30903302
AN - SCOPUS:85063345745
SN - 1092-8464
VL - 21
JO - Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
JF - Current Treatment Options in Cardiovascular Medicine
IS - 3
M1 - 16
ER -