Abstract
Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but also, and more notably, in youth with no prior history of tics. The Tourette Association of America (TAA) convened an international, multidisciplinary working group to better understand this apparent presentation of functional neurological disorder (FND) and its relationship to TS. Here, we review and summarize the literature relevant to distinguish the two, with recommendations to clinicians for diagnosis and management. Finally, we highlight areas for future emphasis and research.
| Original language | English |
|---|---|
| Article number | 6470 |
| Journal | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Volume | 11 |
| Issue number | 21 |
| DOIs | |
| State | Published - Nov 2022 |
Keywords
- Tourette syndrome
- diagnosis
- functional neurological disorder
- functional tic-like behaviors
- functional tics
- management
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In: Journal of Clinical Medicine, Vol. 11, No. 21, 6470, 11.2022.
Research output: Contribution to journal › Review article › peer-review
TY - JOUR
T1 - Diagnosis and Management of Functional Tic-Like Phenomena
AU - Malaty, Irene A.
AU - Anderson, Seonaid
AU - Bennett, Shannon M.
AU - Budman, Cathy L.
AU - Coffey, Barbara J.
AU - Coffman, Keith A.
AU - Greenberg, Erica
AU - McGuire, Joseph F.
AU - Müller-Vahl, Kirsten R.
AU - Okun, Michael S.
AU - Quezada, Julio
AU - Robichaux-Viehoever, Amy
AU - Black, Kevin
N1 - Funding Information: I.A.M. has no conflicts that impact the content of this manuscript. She has participated in research funded by AbbVie, Neuroderm, and Revance, but has no owner interest in any pharmaceutical company. She has received travel compensation or honoraria from the Tourette Association of America, Parkinson Foundation, Medscape, Efficient CME, and Cleveland Clinic, and royalties for writing a book with Robert Rose publishers. S.A. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. She received compensation from the Tourette Association of America as a research consultant. S.M.B. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. She has received travel compensation or honoraria from the Tourette Association of America, the Western Interstate Commission on Higher Education, and Lyra Health. She received royalties from UpToDate. C.L.B. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. B.J.C. has received research and/or grant support from NIH, Emalex, Teva/Nuvelution and Neurocrine and Children’s Medical Services, Department of Health, Florida. She has received honoraria from AACAP, Partners Healthcare and MGH/Psychiatry Academy and TAA-CDC partnership. She is on the Advisory Board of Skyland Trail, and serves as Co-Chair of the TAA Medical Advisory Board. K.A.C. has no conflict of interest that impact the content of this manuscript. He has received research funding from Psyadon Pharmaceuticals. He has received travel or honoraria from TEVA, Lundbeck, and PTC Therapeutics. He is currently the Co-Chair of the Tourette Association of America Medical Advisory Board. E.G. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. She has received compensation for talks from the Tourette Association of America and the MGH Psychiatry Academy. J.F.M. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. He has received research support from the TAA, the American Academy of Neurology, the Brain Research Foundation, the American Psychological Foundation, the American Psychological Association, the Hilda and Preston Davis Family Foundation, and the Misophonia Research Fund. He has received royalties from Elsevier and serves as a consultant for Syneos Health. K.R.M.-V. has received financial or material research support from EU (FP7-HEALTH-2011 No. 278367, FP7-PEOPLE-2012-ITN No. 316978), DFG: GZ MU 1527/3-1 and GZ MU 1527/3-2, BMBF: 01KG1421, National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), Tourette Gesellschaft Deutschland e.V., Else-Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung, GW pharmaceuticals, Almirall Hermal GmbH, Abide Therapeutics, and Therapix Biosiences. She has received consultant’s and other honoraria from Abide Therapeutics, adjupharm, Alexion, AMP Alternative Medical Products GmbH, Ingelheim International GmbH, Bionorica Ethics GmbH, CannaMedical Pharma GmbH, Canopy Grouth, Columbia Care, CTC Communications Corp., Demecan, Enua pharma, Ethypharm GmbH, Eurox Group, Global Praxis Group Limited, Lundbeck, MCI Germany, Neuraxpharm, Sanity Group, Stadapharm GmbH, Synendos Therapeutics AG, Syqe, Tilray, and Zambon. She is an advisory/scientific board member for Alexion, Branchenverband Cannabiswirtschaft e.V. (BvCW), CannaMedical Pharma GmbH, Bionorica Ethics GmbH, CannaXan GmbH, Canopy Growth, Columbia Care, Ethypharm GmbH, IMC Germany, Leafly Deutschland GmbH, Neuraxpharm, Sanity Group, Stadapharm GmbH, Synendos Therapeutics AG, Syqe Medical Ltd., Therapix Biosciences Ltd., Tilray, von Mende Marketing GmbH, Wayland Group, and Zambon. She has received speaker’s fees from Aphria Deutschland GmbH, Almirall, Bedrocan, Camurus, CEREBRO SPAIN BIDCO S.L, Cogitando GmbH, Emalex, Eurox Deutschland GmbH, Ever pharma GmbH, GROW, Hessische Landesstelle für Suchtfragen e.V. (HLS), LIO Pharmaceuticals GmbH, Medizinischer Dienst Westfalen Lippe, Meinhardt Congress GmbH, PR Berater, Spectrum Therapeutics GmbH, Takeda GmbH, Tilray, and Wayland Group. She has received royalties from Deutsches Ärzteblatt, Der Neurologie und Psychiater, Elsevier, Medizinisch Wissenschaftliche Verlagsgesellschaft Berlin, and Kohlhammer. She served as a guest editor for Frontiers in Neurology on the research topic “The neurobiology and genetics of Gilles de la Tourette syndrome: new avenues through large-scale collaborative projects”, is an associate editor for “Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research” and an Editorial Board Member of “Medical Cannabis and Cannabinoids” und “MDPI-Reports” and a Scientific board member for “Zeitschrift für Allgemeinmedizin”. M.S.O. serves as Medical Advisor the Parkinson’s Foundation, and has received research grants from NIH, Parkinson’s Foundation, the Michael J. Fox Foundation, the Parkinson Alliance, Smallwood Foundation, the Bachmann-Strauss Foundation, the Tourette Syndrome Association, and the UF Foundation. MSO ’s research is supported by: NIH R01 NR014852, R01NS096008, UH3NS119844, U01NS119562. He is PI of the NIH R25NS108939 Training Grant. He has received royalties for publications with Demos, Manson, Amazon, Smashwords, Books4Patients, Perseus, Robert Rose, Oxford and Cambridge (movement disorders books). He is an associate editor for New England Journal of Medicine Journal Watch Neurology and JAMA Neurology. He has participated in CME and educational activities (past 12–24 months) on movement disorders sponsored by WebMD/Medscape, RMEI Medical Education, American Academy of Neurology, Movement Disorders Society and by Vanderbilt University. The institution and not MSO receives grants from Medtronic, Abbvie, Boston Scientific, Abbott and Allergan and the PI has no financial interest in these grants. He has participated as a site PI and/or co-I for several NIH, foundation, and industry sponsored trials over the years but has not received honoraria. Research projects at the University of Florida receive device and drug donations. J.Q. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. A.R.-V. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. K.J.B. has no conflict that impact the content of this manuscript. He received commercial support from Emalex Biosciences (research grant to institution), was a CME speaker for programs hosted by Medscape and by MedEdicus, served as clinical trials blinded rater for the Huntington Study Group, and consulted for SK Life Science, Inc. Funding Information: This research was funded by The Tourette Association of America, which convened this working group and supported meetings and publication (APC was funded). Research reported in this publication was supported in part by the National Institutes of Health (R01MH104030). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official view of the NIH. K.J.B. funding: (U.S.) National Institutes of Health, grant number 1R01 MH104030. Publisher Copyright: © 2022 by the authors.
PY - 2022/11
Y1 - 2022/11
N2 - Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but also, and more notably, in youth with no prior history of tics. The Tourette Association of America (TAA) convened an international, multidisciplinary working group to better understand this apparent presentation of functional neurological disorder (FND) and its relationship to TS. Here, we review and summarize the literature relevant to distinguish the two, with recommendations to clinicians for diagnosis and management. Finally, we highlight areas for future emphasis and research.
AB - Over the past 3 years, a global phenomenon has emerged characterized by the sudden onset and frequently rapid escalation of tics and tic-like movements and phonations. These symptoms have occurred not only in youth known to have tics or Tourette syndrome (TS), but also, and more notably, in youth with no prior history of tics. The Tourette Association of America (TAA) convened an international, multidisciplinary working group to better understand this apparent presentation of functional neurological disorder (FND) and its relationship to TS. Here, we review and summarize the literature relevant to distinguish the two, with recommendations to clinicians for diagnosis and management. Finally, we highlight areas for future emphasis and research.
KW - Tourette syndrome
KW - diagnosis
KW - functional neurological disorder
KW - functional tic-like behaviors
KW - functional tics
KW - management
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85141681299&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3390/jcm11216470
DO - 10.3390/jcm11216470
M3 - Review article
C2 - 36362696
AN - SCOPUS:85141681299
SN - 2077-0383
VL - 11
JO - Journal of Clinical Medicine
JF - Journal of Clinical Medicine
IS - 21
M1 - 6470
ER -