Development of the perforating pathway: An ipsilaterally projecting pathway between the medial septum/diagonal band of broca and the cingulate cortex that intersects the corpus callosum

The perforating pathway (PFP) intersects the corpus callosum perpendicularly at the midline in the dorsoventral axis. Therefore axons in either the PFP or the corpus callosum make different axonal guidance decisions in the same anatomical region of the developing cortical midline. The mechanisms underlying these axonal choices are not known. To begin to identify these guidance mechanisms, we characterized the development of these two pathways in detail. The development of the corpus callosum and its pioneering projections has been described elsewhere (Shu and Richards [2001] J. Neurosci. 21:2749-2758; Rash and Richards [2001] J. Comp. Neurol. 434:147-157). Here we examine the development, origins, and projections of axons that make up the PFP. The majority of axons within the PFP originate from neurons in the medial septum and diagonal band of Broca complex. These neurons project in a topographic manner to the cingulate cortex. In contrast to previous reports, we find that a much smaller projection originating from the cingulate cortex also contributes to this pathway. The pioneering projections of the PFP and the corpus callosum arrive at the corticoseptal boundary at around the same developmental stage. These findings show that ipsilaterally projecting PFP axons and contralaterally projecting callosal axons make distinct guidance decisions at the same developmental stage when they reach the corticoseptal boundary.