TY - JOUR
T1 - Desynchronization of Self-Powered FN Tunneling Timers for Trust Verification of IoT Supply Chain
AU - Zhou, Liang
AU - Kondapalli, Sri Harsha
AU - Aono, Kenji
AU - Chakrabartty, Shantanu
N1 - Funding Information:
Manuscript received December 2, 2018; revised February 20, 2019; accepted March 24, 2019. Date of publication March 28, 2019; date of current version July 31, 2019. This work was supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant CNS:1525476 and Grant ECCS:1550096 and in part by the Semiconductor Research Corporation under Contract 2015-TS-2640. The work of S. H. Kondapalli and K. Aono was supported by the NSF under Grant CNS:1646380. (Corresponding author: Shantanu Chakrabartty.) L. Zhou was with the Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA. He is now with Analog Devices Inc., Grass Valley, CA 95945 USA.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2014 IEEE.
PY - 2019/8
Y1 - 2019/8
N2 - The ability to precisely synchronize and desynchronize two spatially separated dynamical systems according to changes in their respective operating environment provides a powerful mechanism for authentication and trust verification in a supply chain. This paper explores the synchronization and desynchronization paradigm using our previously reported self-powered time-keeping device, to differentiate among passive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that were subjected to different variations in temperature or their ambient radio-frequency environment. The environmental variations were modeled as a modulation voltage that affects the rate of Fowler-Nordheim (FN) quantum tunneling and integration of electrons on a floating-gate, thus producing a time and history-dependent dynamic signature. We show that the operation of the self-powered FN device is reliable and repeatable even at single electron-per-second tunneling-rates and for durations greater than three years. We believe that the proposed solution could be cost-effective and scalable for authenticating different types of passive IoT ranging from credit cards, packaged chipsets, to pharmaceuticals.
AB - The ability to precisely synchronize and desynchronize two spatially separated dynamical systems according to changes in their respective operating environment provides a powerful mechanism for authentication and trust verification in a supply chain. This paper explores the synchronization and desynchronization paradigm using our previously reported self-powered time-keeping device, to differentiate among passive Internet-of-Things (IoT) devices that were subjected to different variations in temperature or their ambient radio-frequency environment. The environmental variations were modeled as a modulation voltage that affects the rate of Fowler-Nordheim (FN) quantum tunneling and integration of electrons on a floating-gate, thus producing a time and history-dependent dynamic signature. We show that the operation of the self-powered FN device is reliable and repeatable even at single electron-per-second tunneling-rates and for durations greater than three years. We believe that the proposed solution could be cost-effective and scalable for authenticating different types of passive IoT ranging from credit cards, packaged chipsets, to pharmaceuticals.
KW - Authentication
KW - floating-gates
KW - passive Internet-of-Things (IoT)
KW - self-powered timers
KW - synchronization
KW - trust verification
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85070224130&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2907930
DO - 10.1109/JIOT.2019.2907930
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85070224130
SN - 2327-4662
VL - 6
SP - 6537
EP - 6547
JO - IEEE Internet of Things Journal
JF - IEEE Internet of Things Journal
IS - 4
M1 - 8676004
ER -