TY - JOUR
T1 - Depression and anxiety in a manganese-exposed community
AU - Racette, Brad A.
AU - Nelson, Gill
AU - Dlamini, Wendy W.
AU - Hershey, Tamara
AU - Prathibha, Pradeep
AU - Turner, Jay R.
AU - Checkoway, Harvey
AU - Sheppard, Lianne
AU - Searles Nielsen, Susan
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier B.V.
PY - 2021/7
Y1 - 2021/7
N2 - Objective: To characterize the association between residential environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and depression and anxiety, given prior associations among occupationally-exposed workers. Methods: We administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to 697 study participants in their preferred languages. These participants represented a population-based sample of residents aged ≥40 from two predominantly Black African communities in Gauteng province, South Africa: 605 in Meyerton, adjacent to a large Mn smelter, and 92 in Ethembalethu, a comparable non-exposed community. We investigated the associations between community (Meyerton vs. Ethembalethu) and severity of depression and anxiety, using linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. To document community-level differences in Mn exposure, we measured airborne PM2.5-Mn. Results: Meyerton residents had BDI scores 5.63 points (95 % CI 3.07, 8.20) higher than Ethembalethu residents, with all questions contributing to this significant difference. STAI-state scores were marginally higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [2.12 (95 % CI -0.17, 4.41)], whereas STAI-trait scores were more similar between the communities [1.26 (95 % CI -0.82, 3.35)]. Mean PM2.5-Mn concentration was 203 ng/m3 at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton and 10 ng/m3 in Ethembalethu. Conclusion: Residence near Mn emission sources may be associated with greater depression symptomatology, and possibly current, but not lifetime, anxiety.
AB - Objective: To characterize the association between residential environmental manganese (Mn) exposure and depression and anxiety, given prior associations among occupationally-exposed workers. Methods: We administered the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) to 697 study participants in their preferred languages. These participants represented a population-based sample of residents aged ≥40 from two predominantly Black African communities in Gauteng province, South Africa: 605 in Meyerton, adjacent to a large Mn smelter, and 92 in Ethembalethu, a comparable non-exposed community. We investigated the associations between community (Meyerton vs. Ethembalethu) and severity of depression and anxiety, using linear regression, adjusting for age and sex. To document community-level differences in Mn exposure, we measured airborne PM2.5-Mn. Results: Meyerton residents had BDI scores 5.63 points (95 % CI 3.07, 8.20) higher than Ethembalethu residents, with all questions contributing to this significant difference. STAI-state scores were marginally higher in Meyerton than Ethembalethu residents [2.12 (95 % CI -0.17, 4.41)], whereas STAI-trait scores were more similar between the communities [1.26 (95 % CI -0.82, 3.35)]. Mean PM2.5-Mn concentration was 203 ng/m3 at a long-term fixed site in Meyerton and 10 ng/m3 in Ethembalethu. Conclusion: Residence near Mn emission sources may be associated with greater depression symptomatology, and possibly current, but not lifetime, anxiety.
KW - Beck depression inventory
KW - Manganese
KW - PM2.5-Mn
KW - South Africa
KW - State-trait anxiety inventory
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85108085848&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.017
DO - 10.1016/j.neuro.2021.05.017
M3 - Article
C2 - 34087333
AN - SCOPUS:85108085848
SN - 0161-813X
VL - 85
SP - 222
EP - 233
JO - NeuroToxicology
JF - NeuroToxicology
ER -