TY - JOUR
T1 - Defining Early Recurrence of Hilar Cholangiocarcinoma After Curative-intent Surgery
T2 - A Multi-institutional Study from the US Extrahepatic Biliary Malignancy Consortium
AU - Zhang, Xu Feng
AU - Beal, Eliza W.
AU - Chakedis, Jeffery
AU - Chen, Qinyu
AU - Lv, Yi
AU - Ethun, Cecilia G.
AU - Salem, Ahmed
AU - Weber, Sharon M.
AU - Tran, Thuy
AU - Poultsides, George
AU - Son, Andre Y.
AU - Hatzaras, Ioannis
AU - Jin, Linda
AU - Fields, Ryan C.
AU - Buettner, Stefan
AU - Scoggins, Charles
AU - Martin, Robert C.G.
AU - Isom, Chelsea A.
AU - Idrees, Kamron
AU - Mogal, Harveshp D.
AU - Shen, Perry
AU - Maithel, Shishir K.
AU - Schmidt, Carl R.
AU - Pawlik, Timothy M.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2018, Société Internationale de Chirurgie.
PY - 2018/9/1
Y1 - 2018/9/1
N2 - Background: Time to tumor recurrence may be associated with outcomes following resection of hepatobiliary cancers. The objective of the current study was to investigate risk factors and prognosis among patients with early versus late recurrence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) after curative-intent resection. Methods: A total of 225 patients who underwent curative-intent resection for HCCA were identified from 10 academic centers in the USA. Data on clinicopathologic characteristics, pre-, intra-, and postoperative details and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The slope of the curves identified by linear regression was used to categorize recurrences as early versus late. Results: With a median follow-up of 18.0 months, 99 (44.0%) patients experienced a tumor recurrence. According to the slope of the curves identified by linear regression, the functions of the two straight lines were y = −0.465x + 16.99 and y = −0.12x + 7.16. The intercept value of the two lines was 28.5 months, and therefore, 30 months (2.5 years) was defined as the cutoff to differentiate early from late recurrence. Among 99 patients who experienced recurrence, the majority (n = 80, 80.8%) occurred within the first 2.5 years (early recurrence), while 19.2% of recurrences occurred beyond 2.5 years (late recurrence). Early recurrence was more likely present as distant disease (75.1% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.001) and was associated with a worse OS (Median OS, early 21.5 vs. late 50.4 months, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, poor tumor differentiation (HR 10.3, p = 0.021), microvascular invasion (HR 3.3, p = 0.037), perineural invasion (HR 3.9, p = 0.029), lymph node metastases (HR 5.0, p = 0.004), and microscopic positive margin (HR 3.5, p = 0.046) were independent risk factors associated with early recurrence. Conclusions: Early recurrence of HCCA after curative resection was common (~35.6%). Early recurrence was strongly associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, increased risk of distant metastatic recurrence and a worse long-term survival.
AB - Background: Time to tumor recurrence may be associated with outcomes following resection of hepatobiliary cancers. The objective of the current study was to investigate risk factors and prognosis among patients with early versus late recurrence of hilar cholangiocarcinoma (HCCA) after curative-intent resection. Methods: A total of 225 patients who underwent curative-intent resection for HCCA were identified from 10 academic centers in the USA. Data on clinicopathologic characteristics, pre-, intra-, and postoperative details and overall survival (OS) were analyzed. The slope of the curves identified by linear regression was used to categorize recurrences as early versus late. Results: With a median follow-up of 18.0 months, 99 (44.0%) patients experienced a tumor recurrence. According to the slope of the curves identified by linear regression, the functions of the two straight lines were y = −0.465x + 16.99 and y = −0.12x + 7.16. The intercept value of the two lines was 28.5 months, and therefore, 30 months (2.5 years) was defined as the cutoff to differentiate early from late recurrence. Among 99 patients who experienced recurrence, the majority (n = 80, 80.8%) occurred within the first 2.5 years (early recurrence), while 19.2% of recurrences occurred beyond 2.5 years (late recurrence). Early recurrence was more likely present as distant disease (75.1% vs. 31.6%, p = 0.001) and was associated with a worse OS (Median OS, early 21.5 vs. late 50.4 months, p < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, poor tumor differentiation (HR 10.3, p = 0.021), microvascular invasion (HR 3.3, p = 0.037), perineural invasion (HR 3.9, p = 0.029), lymph node metastases (HR 5.0, p = 0.004), and microscopic positive margin (HR 3.5, p = 0.046) were independent risk factors associated with early recurrence. Conclusions: Early recurrence of HCCA after curative resection was common (~35.6%). Early recurrence was strongly associated with aggressive tumor characteristics, increased risk of distant metastatic recurrence and a worse long-term survival.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85044970443&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1007/s00268-018-4530-0
DO - 10.1007/s00268-018-4530-0
M3 - Article
C2 - 29404753
AN - SCOPUS:85044970443
SN - 0364-2313
VL - 42
SP - 2919
EP - 2929
JO - World journal of surgery
JF - World journal of surgery
IS - 9
ER -