TY - JOUR
T1 - Cyp27c1 red-shifts the spectral sensitivity of photoreceptors by converting Vitamin A1 into A2
AU - Enright, Jennifer M.
AU - Toomey, Matthew B.
AU - Sato, Shin Ya
AU - Temple, Shelby E.
AU - Allen, James R.
AU - Fujiwara, Rina
AU - Kramlinger, Valerie M.
AU - Nagy, Leslie D.
AU - Johnson, Kevin M.
AU - Xiao, Yi
AU - How, Martin J.
AU - Johnson, Stephen L.
AU - Roberts, Nicholas W.
AU - Kefalov, Vladimir J.
AU - Peter Guengerich, F.
AU - Corbo, Joseph C.
N1 - Funding Information:
We dedicate this paper to the memory of Dr. David Beebe. We thank S. Shen, C. Micchelli, J. Gusdorf, P. Connelly, S. Miller, S. Canter, E. Sanders, and J. Engelhard for advice and technical assistance. We thank P. Widder for supplying bullfrog tissue. This work was supported by grants from the Human Frontier Science Program (to J.C.C. and N.W.R.); from the NIH, EY024958 (to J.C.C.), EY019312 (to V.J.K.), GM056988 (to S.L.J.), CA090426 (to F.P.G.), F31 NS083170 (to J.M.E.), T32 EY013360 (to J.M.E.), T32 ES007028 (to V.M.K.), and T32 CA009582 (to K.M.J.); from Research to Prevent Blindness (to J.C.C. and V.J.K.); and from the Air Force Office of Scientific Research (FA8655-12-2112 to N.W.R.). We acknowledge the support of the Genome Technology Access Center at Washington University (P30 CA91842 and UL1 TR000448; NIH) and the Vision Core Electronics Services Module (P30 EY002687; NIH).
Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Elsevier Ltd All rights reserved.
PY - 2015/12/7
Y1 - 2015/12/7
N2 - Some vertebrate species have evolved means of extending their visual sensitivity beyond the range of human vision. One mechanism of enhancing sensitivity to long-wavelength light is to replace the 11-cis retinal chromophore in photopigments with 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal. Despite over a century of research on this topic, the enzymatic basis of this perceptual switch remains unknown. Here, we show that a cytochrome P450 family member, Cyp27c1, mediates this switch by converting vitamin A1 (the precursor of 11-cis retinal) into vitamin A2 (the precursor of 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal). Knockout of cyp27c1 in zebrafish abrogates production of vitamin A2, eliminating the animal's ability to red-shift its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity and reducing its ability to see and respond to near-infrared light. Thus, the expression of a single enzyme mediates dynamic spectral tuning of the entire visual system by controlling the balance of vitamin A1 and A2 in the eye.
AB - Some vertebrate species have evolved means of extending their visual sensitivity beyond the range of human vision. One mechanism of enhancing sensitivity to long-wavelength light is to replace the 11-cis retinal chromophore in photopigments with 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal. Despite over a century of research on this topic, the enzymatic basis of this perceptual switch remains unknown. Here, we show that a cytochrome P450 family member, Cyp27c1, mediates this switch by converting vitamin A1 (the precursor of 11-cis retinal) into vitamin A2 (the precursor of 11-cis 3,4-didehydroretinal). Knockout of cyp27c1 in zebrafish abrogates production of vitamin A2, eliminating the animal's ability to red-shift its photoreceptor spectral sensitivity and reducing its ability to see and respond to near-infrared light. Thus, the expression of a single enzyme mediates dynamic spectral tuning of the entire visual system by controlling the balance of vitamin A1 and A2 in the eye.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84955345408&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.018
DO - 10.1016/j.cub.2015.10.018
M3 - Article
C2 - 26549260
AN - SCOPUS:84955345408
SN - 0960-9822
VL - 25
SP - 3048
EP - 3057
JO - Current Biology
JF - Current Biology
IS - 23
ER -