TY - JOUR
T1 - CSF biomarkers of monocyte activation and chemotaxis correlate with magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites during chronic HIV disease
AU - Anderson, Albert M.
AU - Fennema-Notestine, Christine
AU - Umlauf, Anya
AU - Taylor, Michael J.
AU - Clifford, David B.
AU - Marra, Christina M.
AU - Collier, Ann C.
AU - Gelman, Benjamin B.
AU - McArthur, Justin C.
AU - McCutchan, J. Allen
AU - Simpson, David M.
AU - Morgello, Susan
AU - Grant, Igor
AU - Letendre, Scott L.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015, Journal of NeuroVirology, Inc.
PY - 2015/10/1
Y1 - 2015/10/1
N2 - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), supporting the need to better understand HIV neuropathogenesis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain has demonstrated abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals despite cART. We examined the associations between MRS metabolites and selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflecting monocyte/macrophage activation and chemotaxis. A multicenter cross-sectional study involving five sites in the USA was conducted. The following CSF biomarkers were measured: soluble CD14 (sCD14), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). The following MRS metabolites were measured from basal ganglia (BG), frontal white matter (FWM), and frontal gray matter (FGM): N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr). CSF biomarkers were compared to absolute MRS metabolites as well as metabolite/Cr ratios using linear regression. Eighty-three HIV-infected individuals were included, 78 % on cART and 37 % with HAND. The most robust positive correlations were between MCP-1 and Cho in BG (R2 0.179, p < 0.001) as well as MCP-1 and MI in FWM (R2 0.137, p = 0.002). Higher Cr levels in FWM were associated with MCP-1 (R2 0. 075, p = 0.01) and IP-10 (R2 0.106, p = 0.003). Comparing biomarkers to MRS metabolite/Cr ratios impacted some relationships, e.g., higher sCD14 levels were associated with lower Cho/Cr ratios in FGM (R2 0.224, p < 0.001), although higher MCP-1 levels remained associated with Cho/Cr in BG. These findings provide evidence that monocyte activation and chemotaxis continue to contribute to HIV-associated brain abnormalities in cART-treated individuals.
AB - Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) persist despite combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), supporting the need to better understand HIV neuropathogenesis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) of the brain has demonstrated abnormalities in HIV-infected individuals despite cART. We examined the associations between MRS metabolites and selected cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarkers reflecting monocyte/macrophage activation and chemotaxis. A multicenter cross-sectional study involving five sites in the USA was conducted. The following CSF biomarkers were measured: soluble CD14 (sCD14), monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), interferon inducible protein 10 (IP-10), and stromal cell-derived growth factor 1 alpha (SDF-1α). The following MRS metabolites were measured from basal ganglia (BG), frontal white matter (FWM), and frontal gray matter (FGM): N-acetylaspartate (NAA), myo-inositol (MI), choline (Cho), and creatine (Cr). CSF biomarkers were compared to absolute MRS metabolites as well as metabolite/Cr ratios using linear regression. Eighty-three HIV-infected individuals were included, 78 % on cART and 37 % with HAND. The most robust positive correlations were between MCP-1 and Cho in BG (R2 0.179, p < 0.001) as well as MCP-1 and MI in FWM (R2 0.137, p = 0.002). Higher Cr levels in FWM were associated with MCP-1 (R2 0. 075, p = 0.01) and IP-10 (R2 0.106, p = 0.003). Comparing biomarkers to MRS metabolite/Cr ratios impacted some relationships, e.g., higher sCD14 levels were associated with lower Cho/Cr ratios in FGM (R2 0.224, p < 0.001), although higher MCP-1 levels remained associated with Cho/Cr in BG. These findings provide evidence that monocyte activation and chemotaxis continue to contribute to HIV-associated brain abnormalities in cART-treated individuals.
KW - Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
KW - Biomarkers
KW - Cerebrospinal fluid
KW - HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder
KW - Human immunodeficiency virus
UR - https://www.scopus.com/pages/publications/84945437046
U2 - 10.1007/s13365-015-0359-6
DO - 10.1007/s13365-015-0359-6
M3 - Article
C2 - 26069183
AN - SCOPUS:84945437046
SN - 1355-0284
VL - 21
SP - 559
EP - 567
JO - Journal of NeuroVirology
JF - Journal of NeuroVirology
IS - 5
ER -