Abstract
Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is the clinical syndrome resulting from symptomatic compression of the neurovascular bundle at the thoracic outlet, and is subclassified as neurogenic, venous, or arterial depending on the structure involved. Although primarily a clinical diagnosis, cross-sectional imaging plays an important supplemental role in TOS by identifying the site of involvement, depicting associated complications, revealing an underlying anatomic abnormality, and excluding alternative diagnoses. Imaging findings of NTOS have been described, although the role of cross-sectional imaging in this setting is primarily to exclude concurrent vascular TOS and identify the presence of an anatomic abnormality. Magnetic resonance (MR) and computed tomographic (CT) imaging serve as workhorse techniques, as they allow for imaging in multiple positions and readily depict findings of TOS and associated complications. MR imaging is the preferred cross-sectional imaging test in patients with suspected TOS given its lack of ionizing radiation, but CT is used in patients who cannot undergo contrast-enhanced MRI.
Original language | English |
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Title of host publication | Thoracic Outlet Syndrome |
Subtitle of host publication | Second Edition |
Publisher | Springer International Publishing |
Pages | 169-184 |
Number of pages | 16 |
ISBN (Electronic) | 9783030550738 |
ISBN (Print) | 9783030550721 |
DOIs | |
State | Published - Jan 25 2021 |
Keywords
- Computed tomography
- Cross-sectional imaging
- Imaging protocols
- Magnetic resonance imaging
- Thoracic outlet syndrome