TY - JOUR
T1 - Craniofacial and Velopharyngeal Dimensions in Infants 0–12 Months
T2 - Between and Within Group Differences Based on Age and Sex
AU - Power, Samantha J.
AU - Piccorelli, Annalisa V.
AU - Jones, David L.
AU - Neuberger, Ilana
AU - Allen, Gregory C.
AU - Barhaghi, Krystle
AU - Kotlarek, Katelyn J.
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2024 American Speech Language Hearing Association.
PY - 2024/10
Y1 - 2024/10
N2 - Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to (a) provide quantitative data on the growth of levator veli palatini (LVP), velopharyngeal (VP), and craniofacial dimensions in children under 12 months while controlling for corrected age and sex and (b) compare variability within age and sex groups. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 75 infants between 0 and 12 months were measured and divided into four age groups. These data were obtained as part of a larger retrospective study. Following exclusion criteria, scans were analyzed, and dependent variables were obtained. Results: There was a statistically significant (p <.0001) difference between corrected age groups on LVP muscle, VP, and craniofacial variables while controlling for sex. Significant growth effects were observed for LVP length (p <.0001), extravelar length (p <.0001), intravelar length (p =.048), midline thickness (p =.0001), origin–origin distance (p <.0001), velar length (p <.0001), velar thickness (p =.003), nasion–sella turcica distance (p <.0001), sella turcica–basion distance (p <.0001), and hard palate length (p <.0001). Significant sex effects were observed for pharyngeal depth (p =.026) and effective VP ratio (p =.014). When age was treated as a continuous variable, similar results were observed for all variables except pharyngeal depth. Withingroup comparisons revealed the most variability occurs between 3 and 5.99 months for LVP and craniofacial variables and between 9 and 11.99 months of age for VP variables. Male participants demonstrated greater variability than female participants. Conclusions: Differences were observed in LVP, VP, and craniofacial variables in children under 12 months while controlling for sex. Males demonstrated larger values and greater variability for most variables.
AB - Purpose: The purpose of the present study is to (a) provide quantitative data on the growth of levator veli palatini (LVP), velopharyngeal (VP), and craniofacial dimensions in children under 12 months while controlling for corrected age and sex and (b) compare variability within age and sex groups. Method: Magnetic resonance imaging scans of 75 infants between 0 and 12 months were measured and divided into four age groups. These data were obtained as part of a larger retrospective study. Following exclusion criteria, scans were analyzed, and dependent variables were obtained. Results: There was a statistically significant (p <.0001) difference between corrected age groups on LVP muscle, VP, and craniofacial variables while controlling for sex. Significant growth effects were observed for LVP length (p <.0001), extravelar length (p <.0001), intravelar length (p =.048), midline thickness (p =.0001), origin–origin distance (p <.0001), velar length (p <.0001), velar thickness (p =.003), nasion–sella turcica distance (p <.0001), sella turcica–basion distance (p <.0001), and hard palate length (p <.0001). Significant sex effects were observed for pharyngeal depth (p =.026) and effective VP ratio (p =.014). When age was treated as a continuous variable, similar results were observed for all variables except pharyngeal depth. Withingroup comparisons revealed the most variability occurs between 3 and 5.99 months for LVP and craniofacial variables and between 9 and 11.99 months of age for VP variables. Male participants demonstrated greater variability than female participants. Conclusions: Differences were observed in LVP, VP, and craniofacial variables in children under 12 months while controlling for sex. Males demonstrated larger values and greater variability for most variables.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85206017298&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00084
DO - 10.1044/2024_JSLHR-24-00084
M3 - Article
C2 - 39259879
AN - SCOPUS:85206017298
SN - 1092-4388
VL - 67
SP - 3579
EP - 3594
JO - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
JF - Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research
IS - 10
ER -