@article{4ca4ec7c857d4e9d905f815c33395556,
title = "Cortex-wide response mode of VIP-expressing inhibitory neurons by reward and punishment",
abstract = "Neocortex is classically divided into distinct areas, each specializing in different function, but all could benefit from reinforcement feedback to inform and update local processing. Yet it remains elusive how global signals like reward and punishment are represented in local cortical computations. Previously, we identified a cortical neuron type, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP)-expressing interneurons, in auditory cortex that is recruited by behavioral reinforcers and mediates disinhibitory control by inhibiting other inhibitory neurons. As the same disinhibitory cortical circuit is present virtually throughout cortex, we wondered whether VIP neurons are likewise recruited by reinforcers throughout cortex. We monitored VIP neural activity in dozens of cortical regions using three-dimensional random access two-photon microscopy and fiber photometry while mice learned an auditory discrimination task. We found that reward and punishment during initial learning produce rapid, cortex-wide activation of most VIP interneurons. This global recruitment mode showed variations in temporal dynamics in individual neurons and across areas. Neither the weak sensory tuning of VIP interneurons in visual cortex nor their arousal state modulation was fully predictive of reinforcer responses. We suggest that the global response mode of cortical VIP interneurons supports a cell-type-specific circuit mechanism by which organism-level information about reinforcers regulates local circuit processing and plasticity.",
author = "Zolt{\'a}n Szadai and Pi, {Hyun Jae} and Quentin Chevy and Katalin {\'O}csai and Albeanu, {Dinu F.} and Bal{\'a}zs Chiovini and Gergely Szalay and Gergely Katona and Adam Kepecs and Bal{\'a}zs R{\'o}zsa",
note = "Funding Information: We thank L{\'i}dia Popara, {\'A}ron Szepesi, and Alexandra Bojd{\'a}n for technical help, and all members of the Kepecs and R{\'o}zsa labs for their helpful comments. This study was supported by KFI-2018–00097, VKE-2018–00032, NKP-2017–00001, KTIA_NAP_12-2-2015-0006, 2017–1.2.1-NKP-2017–00002, GINOP_2.1.1-15-2016-00979, and J{\'a}nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The project was implemented with the support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary financed under the VKSZ_14-1-2015-0155, KFI_16-1-2016-0177, NVKP_16-1-2016-0043 funding scheme. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 682426 and VISGEN_734862, 712821-NEURAM). HP is supported by NARSAD Young Investigator Grant and NIH R01MH110391. The study received funding from the National Institutes of Health, R01NS075531 and R01NS088661, to AK. European Research Council National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health National Institutes of Health Horizon 2020 R01NS075531 R01MH110391 R01NS088661 682426 and VISGEN_734862 Gergely Szalay Adam Kepecs Hyun-Jae Pi Adam Kepecs Hyun-Jae Pi Adam Kepecs Hyun-Jae Pi Gergely Katona Horizon 2020 712821-NEURAM Gergely Katona National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary Hungarian Academy of Sciences VKSZ_14-1-2015-0155 KFI_16-1-2016-0177 NVKP_16-1-2016-0043 J{\'a}nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences Gergely Katona Gergely Katona Gergely Katona Bal{\'a}zs Chiovini NARSAD Young Investigator Grant Hyun-Jae Pi NKFI Hivatal 2020-2.1.1-ED-2021-00190 Bal{\'a}zs R{\'o}zsa Zolt{\'a}n Szadai Katalin {\'O}csai NKFI Hivatal 2020-2.1.1-ED-2022-00208 Bal{\'a}zs R{\'o}zsa Zolt{\'a}n Szadai Katalin {\'O}csai. Funding Information: We thank L{\'i}dia Popara, {\'A}ron Szepesi, and Alexandra Bojd{\'a}n for technical help, and all members of the Kepecs and R{\'o}zsa labs for their helpful comments. This study was supported by KFI-2018–00097, VKE-2018–00032, NKP-2017–00001, KTIA_NAP_12-2-2015-0006, 2017–1.2.1-NKP-2017–00002, GINOP_2.1.1-15-2016-00979, and J{\'a}nos Bolyai Research Scholarship of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences. The project was implemented with the support from the National Research, Development and Innovation Fund of Hungary financed under the VKSZ_14-1-2015-0155, KFI_16-1-2016-0177, NVKP_16-1-2016-0043 funding scheme. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union{\textquoteright}s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No. 682426 and VISGEN_734862, 712821-NEURAM). HP is supported by NARSAD Young Investigator Grant and NIH R01MH110391. The study received funding from the National Institutes of Health, R01NS075531 and R01NS088661, to AK. Publisher Copyright: {\textcopyright} Szadai, Pi, Chevy et al.",
year = "2022",
doi = "10.7554/eLife.78815",
language = "English",
volume = "11",
journal = "eLife",
issn = "2050-084X",
}