Coordinated events: FGF signaling and other related pathways in palatogenesis

Cleft palate is a common craniofacial anomaly that is costly to both patients and the health care system. Investigation of each stage of palate development enhances understanding of this anomaly. Although the exact molecular signaling mechanisms that contribute to palatogenesis remain elusive, multiple pathways, such as fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signaling, have been recognized as important contributors. Alterations in FGF signaling have previously been implicated in palatal clefting. The current review discusses FGF signaling and the major signaling mediators affecting FGF signaling during each stage of palatogenesis.