Combined percutaneous and retrograde approach to staghorn calculi with application of the ureteral access sheath to facilitate percutaneous nephrolithotomy

Purpose: We describe our technique and clinical experience with application of the ureteral access sheath for single access ablation of staghorn and partial staghorn calculi. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed our experience with 9 patients who underwent percutaneous nephrolithotomy for staghorn (6) or partial staghorn (3) renal calculi using a combined antegrade and retrograde approach. Patient data, operative parameters, efficacy of stone ablation and convalescence parameters were reviewed. Results: Mean operative time for the primary procedure was 3.1 hours with a mean estimated blood loss of 290 ml. Postoperatively, the mean analgesic requirement was 33.2 mg. MSO₄ equivalents. Hospital stay was 3.2 days. There were no major and 4 minor (44%) complications. No patient required transfusion. Complete stone clearance was achieved in 7 of the 9 cases (78%) using a single percutaneous nephrostomy tract. Conclusions: Our preliminary clinical experience using the ureteral access sheath during percutaneous nephrolithotomy for simultaneous antegrade and retrograde stone treatment has been favorable. A large renal stone burden can be successfully managed with a single percutaneous access and limited blood loss.