@article{ae694ca06ee84bd3a4b039a303bf2a6a,
title = "Co-Twin Control Study of Relationships Among Combat Exposure, Combat-Related PTSD, and Other Mental Disorders",
abstract = "The well-documented association between combat-related PTSD (C-PTSD) and other mental disorders may be an artifact of shared familial vulnerability. This study uses a co-twin control design to examine whether the association between C-PTSD and other mental disorders persists after adjusting for shared familial vulnerability. Data were from male monozygotic twin pairs in the Vietnam Era Twin Registry. Logistic regression analyses demonstrated that combat exposure, adjusted for C-PTSD, was significantly associated with increased risk for alcohol and cannabis dependence and that C-PTSD mediated the association between combat exposure and both major depression and tobacco dependence. We conclude C-PTSD comorbidity persists after controlling for shared vulnerability. Combat exposure is directly and indirectly, through C-PTSD, associated with increased risk for other mental disorders.",
keywords = "Combat exposure, Comorbidity, PTSD, Twins",
author = "Koenen, {Karestan C.} and Lyons, {Michael J.} and Jack Goldberg and John Simpson and Williams, {Wesley M.} and Rosemary Toomey and Eisen, {Seth A.} and William True and Tsuang, {Ming T.}",
note = "Funding Information: This research was supported by a grant (MH11954-01) from National Institute of Mental Health to Drs. Michael Lyons and Karestan Koenen and by a grant from the Massachusetts Area Veterans Epidemiological Research Center (MAVERIC) to Drs. Jessica Wolfe and Karestan Koenen. This research was also supported by a grant (AA10586) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to Dr. Michael Lyons, a grant (AA10339) from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism to Dr. William True, a grant (DA04604) from the National Institute on Drug Abuse to Dr. Ming Tsuang and the Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services Research and Development Service and Cooperative Studies Program. Department of Veterans Affairs Health Services and Development Service: Chief Research and Development Officer, John R. Feuss-ner, M.D.; Health Services Research & Development: Director, John Dmakis, M.D.; Deputy Director, Shirley Mee-han, M.B.A., Ph.D.; Vietnam Era Twin Registry: Director, Edward J. Boyko M.D.; Registry Coordinator, Birute Curran; Vietnam Era Twin Registry Advisory Committee: Walter Nance, M.D. (Chairman); Theodore Colton, Sc.D., Ralph Paffenbarger, M.D., Walter Nance, M.D., Myrna Weissman, Ph.D. Drs. Irving Gottesman and Jag Khalsa also made important contributions to the success of this study. Most importantly, the authors wish to acknowledge and thank the members of the Vietnam Era Twin Registry for their participation and cooperation. They willingly provided sensitive information and considerable time in responding to the survey. Without their contribution this research project would not have been possible.",
year = "2003",
month = oct,
doi = "10.1023/A:1025786925483",
language = "English",
volume = "16",
pages = "433--438",
journal = "Journal of Traumatic Stress",
issn = "0894-9867",
number = "5",
}