TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical and Immunological Factors That Distinguish COVID-19 From Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)
AU - Choreño-Parra, José Alberto
AU - Jiménez-Álvarez, Luis Armando
AU - Cruz-Lagunas, Alfredo
AU - Rodríguez-Reyna, Tatiana Sofía
AU - Ramírez-Martínez, Gustavo
AU - Sandoval-Vega, Montserrat
AU - Hernández-García, Diana Lizzeth
AU - Choreño-Parra, Eduardo M.
AU - Balderas-Martínez, Yalbi I.
AU - Martinez-Sánchez, Mariana Esther
AU - Márquez-García, Eduardo
AU - Sciutto, Edda
AU - Moreno-Rodríguez, José
AU - Barreto-Rodríguez, José Omar
AU - Vázquez-Rojas, Hazel
AU - Centeno-Sáenz, Gustavo Iván
AU - Alvarado-Peña, Néstor
AU - Salinas-Lara, Citlaltepetl
AU - Sánchez-Garibay, Carlos
AU - Galeana-Cadena, David
AU - Hernández, Gabriela
AU - Mendoza-Milla, Criselda
AU - Domínguez, Andrea
AU - Granados, Julio
AU - Mena-Hernández, Lula
AU - Pérez-Buenfil, Luis Ángel
AU - Domínguez-Cheritt, Guillermo
AU - Cabello-Gutiérrez, Carlos
AU - Luna-Rivero, Cesar
AU - Salas-Hernández, Jorge
AU - Santillán-Doherty, Patricio
AU - Regalado, Justino
AU - Hernández-Martínez, Angélica
AU - Orozco, Lorena
AU - Ávila-Moreno, Federico
AU - García-Latorre, Ethel A.
AU - Hernández-Cárdenas, Carmen M.
AU - Khader, Shabaana A.
AU - Zlotnik, Albert
AU - Zúñiga, Joaquín
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Choreño-Parra, Jiménez-Álvarez, Cruz-Lagunas, Rodríguez-Reyna, Ramírez-Martínez, Sandoval-Vega, Hernández-García, Choreño-Parra, Balderas-Martínez, Martinez-Sánchez, Márquez-García, Sciutto, Moreno-Rodríguez, Barreto-Rodríguez, Vázquez-Rojas, Centeno-Sáenz, Alvarado-Peña, Salinas-Lara, Sánchez-Garibay, Galeana-Cadena, Hernández, Mendoza-Milla, Domínguez, Granados, Mena-Hernández, Pérez-Buenfil, Domínguez-Cheritt, Cabello-Gutiérrez, Luna-Rivero, Salas-Hernández, Santillán-Doherty, Regalado, Hernández-Martínez, Orozco, Ávila-Moreno, García-Latorre, Hernández-Cárdenas, Khader, Zlotnik and Zúñiga.
PY - 2021/4/21
Y1 - 2021/4/21
N2 - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic.
AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome
KW - pandemic influenza
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105932887&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593595
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593595
M3 - Article
C2 - 33995342
AN - SCOPUS:85105932887
SN - 1664-3224
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in immunology
JF - Frontiers in immunology
M1 - 593595
ER -