TY - JOUR
T1 - Clinical and Immunological Factors That Distinguish COVID-19 From Pandemic Influenza A(H1N1)
AU - Choreño-Parra, José Alberto
AU - Jiménez-Álvarez, Luis Armando
AU - Cruz-Lagunas, Alfredo
AU - Rodríguez-Reyna, Tatiana Sofía
AU - Ramírez-Martínez, Gustavo
AU - Sandoval-Vega, Montserrat
AU - Hernández-García, Diana Lizzeth
AU - Choreño-Parra, Eduardo M.
AU - Balderas-Martínez, Yalbi I.
AU - Martinez-Sánchez, Mariana Esther
AU - Márquez-García, Eduardo
AU - Sciutto, Edda
AU - Moreno-Rodríguez, José
AU - Barreto-Rodríguez, José Omar
AU - Vázquez-Rojas, Hazel
AU - Centeno-Sáenz, Gustavo Iván
AU - Alvarado-Peña, Néstor
AU - Salinas-Lara, Citlaltepetl
AU - Sánchez-Garibay, Carlos
AU - Galeana-Cadena, David
AU - Hernández, Gabriela
AU - Mendoza-Milla, Criselda
AU - Domínguez, Andrea
AU - Granados, Julio
AU - Mena-Hernández, Lula
AU - Pérez-Buenfil, Luis Ángel
AU - Domínguez-Cheritt, Guillermo
AU - Cabello-Gutiérrez, Carlos
AU - Luna-Rivero, Cesar
AU - Salas-Hernández, Jorge
AU - Santillán-Doherty, Patricio
AU - Regalado, Justino
AU - Hernández-Martínez, Angélica
AU - Orozco, Lorena
AU - Ávila-Moreno, Federico
AU - García-Latorre, Ethel A.
AU - Hernández-Cárdenas, Carmen M.
AU - Khader, Shabaana A.
AU - Zlotnik, Albert
AU - Zúñiga, Joaquín
N1 - Funding Information:
JC-P was supported by the National Council of Science and Technology of Mexico (CONACyT) to achieve his PhD degree (CONACyT-CVU 737347). The current study received funding from institutional research grants of INER, from the UNAM-INER interinstitutional collaboration agreement (UNAM: 43355-3065-17-XI-15, to FA-M), from the Dirección General de Personal Académico de la Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM, grant #IV201020 to ES), and from CONACyT under the research contracts: CONACYT-Support for scientific research, technological development and innovation in health during COVID-19 contingency (CONACyT-COVID-19), with the project numbers 313517 and 00311999 to TR-R; SECTEI/050/2020, Secretarı́a de Ciencia, Tecnologıá e Innovación de la Ciudad de México (SECTEI CDMX); FORDECYT/10SE/2020/05/14-06 and FORDECYT/10SE/2020/05/14-07 from the Fondo Institucional de Fomento Regional para el Desarrollo Cientıfí co y Tecnológico y de Innovación (FORDECYT) to JZ.
Publisher Copyright:
© Copyright © 2021 Choreño-Parra, Jiménez-Álvarez, Cruz-Lagunas, Rodríguez-Reyna, Ramírez-Martínez, Sandoval-Vega, Hernández-García, Choreño-Parra, Balderas-Martínez, Martinez-Sánchez, Márquez-García, Sciutto, Moreno-Rodríguez, Barreto-Rodríguez, Vázquez-Rojas, Centeno-Sáenz, Alvarado-Peña, Salinas-Lara, Sánchez-Garibay, Galeana-Cadena, Hernández, Mendoza-Milla, Domínguez, Granados, Mena-Hernández, Pérez-Buenfil, Domínguez-Cheritt, Cabello-Gutiérrez, Luna-Rivero, Salas-Hernández, Santillán-Doherty, Regalado, Hernández-Martínez, Orozco, Ávila-Moreno, García-Latorre, Hernández-Cárdenas, Khader, Zlotnik and Zúñiga.
PY - 2021/4/21
Y1 - 2021/4/21
N2 - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic.
AB - The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is a global health threat with the potential to cause severe disease manifestations in the lungs. Although COVID-19 has been extensively characterized clinically, the factors distinguishing SARS-CoV-2 from other respiratory viruses are unknown. Here, we compared the clinical, histopathological, and immunological characteristics of patients with COVID-19 and pandemic influenza A(H1N1). We observed a higher frequency of respiratory symptoms, increased tissue injury markers, and a histological pattern of alveolar pneumonia in pandemic influenza A(H1N1) patients. Conversely, dry cough, gastrointestinal symptoms and interstitial lung pathology were observed in COVID-19 cases. Pandemic influenza A(H1N1) was characterized by higher levels of IL-1RA, TNF-α, CCL3, G-CSF, APRIL, sTNF-R1, sTNF-R2, sCD30, and sCD163. Meanwhile, COVID-19 displayed an immune profile distinguished by increased Th1 (IL-12, IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13) cytokine levels, along with IL-1β, IL-6, CCL11, VEGF, TWEAK, TSLP, MMP-1, and MMP-3. Our data suggest that SARS-CoV-2 induces a dysbalanced polyfunctional inflammatory response that is different from the immune response against pandemic influenza A(H1N1). Furthermore, we demonstrated the diagnostic potential of some clinical and immune factors to differentiate both diseases. These findings might be relevant for the ongoing and future influenza seasons in the Northern Hemisphere, which are historically unique due to their convergence with the COVID-19 pandemic.
KW - COVID-19
KW - Influenza A(H1N1) pdm09
KW - SARS-CoV-2
KW - acute respiratory distress syndrome
KW - pandemic influenza
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85105932887&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593595
DO - 10.3389/fimmu.2021.593595
M3 - Article
C2 - 33995342
AN - SCOPUS:85105932887
VL - 12
JO - Frontiers in Immunology
JF - Frontiers in Immunology
SN - 1664-3224
M1 - 593595
ER -