Classification of T-cell activation via autofluorescence lifetime imaging

The function of a T cell depends on its subtype and activation state. Here, we show that imaging of the autofluorescence lifetime signals of quiescent and activated T cells can be used to classify the cells. T cells isolated from human peripheral blood and activated in culture using tetrameric antibodies against the surface ligands CD2, CD3 and CD28 showed specific activation-state-dependent patterns of autofluorescence lifetime. Logistic regression models and random forest models classified T cells according to activation state with 97–99% accuracy, and according to activation state (quiescent or activated) and subtype (CD3⁺CD8⁺ or CD3⁺CD4⁺) with 97% accuracy. Autofluorescence lifetime imaging can be used to non-destructively determine T-cell function.