Chronic lung nodule secondary to flavimonas oryzihabitans infection in a lung transplant recipient: Case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND: Flavimonas oryzihabitans rarely causes infections in humans. We report a case of a chronic lung nodule in a lung transplant recipient and review the published literature. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to describe the spectrum of disease caused by F. oryzihabitans. METHODS: We searched MEDLINE using the following key words: Bacterium typhiflavum, Chromobacterium typhiflavum, Pseudomonas oryzihabitans, and CDC group Ve 2. The references of the articles retrieved were screened to identify any literature missed during our primary search. We compared the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with indwelling catheters and patients without them. RESULTS: A total of 86 articles were retrieved. Of them, 45 articles described 110 infections with F. oryzihabitans. The median age of the patients was 45 years (interquartile range [IQR], 21-56) and 64 (58%) were men. Seventy-three (66%) patients had indwelling catheters at the time of diagnosis. Patients with indwelling catheters presented most commonly with bacteremia (54, 74%) after a latency period of 7 days (IQR, 7-7). Non-catheter-related infections encompassed most commonly the skin and soft tissue infections (11, 29%) after a latency period of 56 days (IQR, 14-130). Not removing the indwelling catheter was the only predictor of infection recurrence. There were no deaths attributable to F. oryzihabitans infection. CONCLUSIONS: Flavimonas oryzihabitans can present in 2 different clinical patterns, namely, catheter-associated sepsis and chronic localized infection. Catheters not removed predicted recurrence of the infection. Although immunocompromised, our patient presented as a chronic localized infection.