TY - JOUR
T1 - Chocolate consumption and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the NHLBI Family Heart Study
AU - Tokede, Oluwabunmi A.
AU - Ellison, Curtis R.
AU - Pankow, James S.
AU - North, Kari E.
AU - Hunt, Steven C.
AU - Kraja, Aldi T.
AU - Arnett, Donna K.
AU - Djoussé, Luc
N1 - Funding Information:
This research was supported by National Institute of Mental Health grant MH-52055 and by NHLBI cooperative agreement grants U01 HL-56563 , U01 HL-56564 , U01 HL-56565 , U01 HL-56566 , U01 HL-56567 , U01 HL-56568 , and U01 HL-56569 . This article is presented on behalf of the investigators of the NHLBI Family Heart Study. We thank the subjects participating in this study.
PY - 2012/8
Y1 - 2012/8
N2 - Background & aims: Previous studies have suggested that cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, may lower blood pressure, serum cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and improve endothelial function. However, it is unclear whether consumption of cocoa products including chocolate influences the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).In a cross-sectional design, we sought to examine the association between chocolate consumption and the prevalence of MetS. Methods: We studied 4098 participants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study aged 25-93 years. Chocolate consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the NCEP III criteria. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios of MetS according to frequency of chocolate intake. Results: Of the 4098 participants (mean age 51.7 y) included in the analyses, 2206 (53.8%) were female. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our population was 30.2%. Compared with those who did not consume any chocolate, multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for MetS were 1.26 (0.94, 1.69), 1.15 (0.85, 1.55), and 0.99 (0.66, 1.51) among women who reported chocolate consumption of 1-3 times/month, 1-4 times/week, and 5+ times/week, respectively. Corresponding values for men were: 1.13 (0.82, 1.57), 1.02 (0.74, 1.39), and 1.21 (0.79, 1.85). Conclusion: These data do not support an association between chocolate intake and the prevalence of MetS in US adult men and women.
AB - Background & aims: Previous studies have suggested that cocoa products, which are rich sources of flavonoids, may lower blood pressure, serum cholesterol, fasting blood glucose and improve endothelial function. However, it is unclear whether consumption of cocoa products including chocolate influences the risk of metabolic syndrome (MetS).In a cross-sectional design, we sought to examine the association between chocolate consumption and the prevalence of MetS. Methods: We studied 4098 participants from the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) Family Heart Study aged 25-93 years. Chocolate consumption was assessed using a semi-quantitative food-frequency questionnaire. MetS was defined using the NCEP III criteria. Generalized estimating equations were used to estimate prevalence odds ratios of MetS according to frequency of chocolate intake. Results: Of the 4098 participants (mean age 51.7 y) included in the analyses, 2206 (53.8%) were female. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome in our population was 30.2%. Compared with those who did not consume any chocolate, multivariate adjusted odds ratios (95% CI) for MetS were 1.26 (0.94, 1.69), 1.15 (0.85, 1.55), and 0.99 (0.66, 1.51) among women who reported chocolate consumption of 1-3 times/month, 1-4 times/week, and 5+ times/week, respectively. Corresponding values for men were: 1.13 (0.82, 1.57), 1.02 (0.74, 1.39), and 1.21 (0.79, 1.85). Conclusion: These data do not support an association between chocolate intake and the prevalence of MetS in US adult men and women.
KW - Cardiovascular disease risk
KW - Chocolate
KW - Metabolic syndrome
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84864758004&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.clnme.2012.04.002
DO - 10.1016/j.clnme.2012.04.002
M3 - Article
C2 - 25126517
AN - SCOPUS:84864758004
SN - 2212-8263
VL - 7
SP - e139-e143
JO - e-SPEN Journal
JF - e-SPEN Journal
IS - 4
ER -