Chiral Building Blocks for Total Steroid Synthesis and the Use of Steroids as Chiral Building Blocks in Organic Synthesis

This chapter explains the requirements for the design, construction, testing, and maintenance of earthing of power installations exceeding 1 kV AC to ensure that they are effective under all conditions and that the safety of persons is ensured in any place of the installation. The currents flowing through earthing systems and earth can be caused by earth faults or double earth short-circuits in networks with an isolated neutral point or with earth fault compensation. As a general rule, the touch voltage requirements satisfy the step voltage requirements, because the tolerable step voltage limits are much higher than the touch voltage limits due to the different current path through the body. The chapter introduces the American Standard IEEE Std. 80-2013 (IEEE Guide for Safety in AC Substation Grounding Guide for Safety in AC Earthing Systems).