TY - JOUR
T1 - Chemical speciation of aerosols and air quality degradation during the festival of lights (Diwali)
AU - Pervez, Shamsh
AU - Chakrabarty, Rajan K.
AU - Dewangan, Shippi
AU - Watson, John G.
AU - Chow, Judith C.
AU - Matawle, Jeevan Lal
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2015 Turkish National Committee for Air Pollution Research and Control. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
PY - 2016/1/1
Y1 - 2016/1/1
N2 - Ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) samples, collected in a 8-week wintertime sampling program in two residential sites of Bhilai, India during the Indian Diwali festival in November 2012, were chemically characterized for 38 chemical species including eight speciated carbonaceous fractions (SCFs) of elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), twenty one metallic elements, and nine water soluble ionic species. Our objectives were to investigate: 1) relative abundances of SCFs contained in PM2.5during the Diwali festival period compared to normal days, and 2) enrichment pattern of potential inorganic markers of firework emission in ambient PM2.5during the festival days. Eight-fold increase inPM2.5mass concentrations were measured during the Diwali festival days compared to concentrations occurring in normal days. Bursting of firecrackers in the residential streets have shown significant contribution to the emission markers (K, Mg, Zn, S, EC and OC) along with crustal markers (Ca, Fe, Al) in ambient PM2.5aerosol samples. Concentrations of water soluble ionic species were found to be 10 times greater than those found in normal days. Further, the anion/cation ratios were found to reach a factor of 2; indicating the acidic character of emissions resulting from fireworks. The relative abundance of SCFs and higher ratios of OC to EC during the Diwali episode suggested the significant formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) aerosols. We estimate that aerosols emitted from firework bursting contribute up to 32% of total ambient PM2.5 during the Diwali festival.
AB - Ambient PM2.5 (particulate matter less than 2.5 μm) samples, collected in a 8-week wintertime sampling program in two residential sites of Bhilai, India during the Indian Diwali festival in November 2012, were chemically characterized for 38 chemical species including eight speciated carbonaceous fractions (SCFs) of elemental (EC) and organic carbon (OC), twenty one metallic elements, and nine water soluble ionic species. Our objectives were to investigate: 1) relative abundances of SCFs contained in PM2.5during the Diwali festival period compared to normal days, and 2) enrichment pattern of potential inorganic markers of firework emission in ambient PM2.5during the festival days. Eight-fold increase inPM2.5mass concentrations were measured during the Diwali festival days compared to concentrations occurring in normal days. Bursting of firecrackers in the residential streets have shown significant contribution to the emission markers (K, Mg, Zn, S, EC and OC) along with crustal markers (Ca, Fe, Al) in ambient PM2.5aerosol samples. Concentrations of water soluble ionic species were found to be 10 times greater than those found in normal days. Further, the anion/cation ratios were found to reach a factor of 2; indicating the acidic character of emissions resulting from fireworks. The relative abundance of SCFs and higher ratios of OC to EC during the Diwali episode suggested the significant formation of secondary organic carbon (SOC) aerosols. We estimate that aerosols emitted from firework bursting contribute up to 32% of total ambient PM2.5 during the Diwali festival.
KW - Ambient PM
KW - Carbonaceous aerosols
KW - Fireworks
KW - Metallic elements
KW - Source signature
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84960354637&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.apr.2015.09.002
DO - 10.1016/j.apr.2015.09.002
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84960354637
SN - 1309-1042
VL - 7
SP - 92
EP - 99
JO - Atmospheric Pollution Research
JF - Atmospheric Pollution Research
IS - 1
ER -